题 目： 政府与私人伙伴关系在消灭哈库特港街头垃圾倾倒中的作用
英文原文
The Role of Government and Private Partnership in Eradicating Street Waste Dumps in Port Harcourt(节选）
Abstract:This study is concerned with unraveling the role of government and private individuals in eradicating street refuse dumps in Port Harcourt city. The study adopted the survey research design and 400 copies of questionnaire were administered in the city. To ensure effective distribution the area was first stratified using the existing land uses. The analysis was done using means and percentages. However, findings include 70% of respondents highlighted that government waste management agency is not efficient in the area, and that this has forced most residents to dump waste indiscriminately along streets in the area. 73% of respondents also suggested that private waste managers charge too high for waste collection. Problems associated with indiscriminate waste disposal in the area includes, untidy streets (90%); Air pollution (73%); Road traffic obstruction (23%); spread of rodents (53%); spread of diseases (82%) etc. The study however concluded that, government and private agencies must partner to combat waste generation problem, the people of Port Harcourt city should be advised on proper waste management techniques such as sorting, burying organic waste etc; there is an urgent need for waste treatment plants at strategic points in the city; stiff fines should be placed on violators in the area.
Key words: Role, Street, Waste-dumps, Port Harcourt
Introduction
Waste is referred to as anything that has no material, social and economic value to someone in possession of it [1]. This has been classified as solid, sewage or at time municipal waste etc. however the classification waste is given, one thing is the underlying fact; that is that it does not have any value to the person that was in possession of it. Nevertheless, more recently it is becoming clearer that the term waste is a relative one. This is because what one person classifies as waste may just be of value to another person. Therefore, the ability to manage waste goes far beyond the outright sanctions and legislative laws imposed by governments, but extends to the ability of a people to utilise civilization and technological advancement in a bid to manage waste [2-6].
However, one of the major problems associated with urbanisation in the developing world is poor waste management and this is easily seen as one traverses major cities in the developing world. What is evident from literature is that most of these cities are largely developed without a master plan [7]. Thus as the places are becoming urbanised there are no plans to put in place a waste management plan, which would include the waste management practice, treatment plants and dump sites. Other researchers have advanced a poor technological advancement as a major factor that account for poor waste management in the developing world. While others [8-13] have insisted that the population and the consequent generation of waste that exceed the capacity of waste collection have contributed to poor waste management in the developing world.
Furthermore, there have been strong correlations between environmental conditions and human health in previous studies [14-16], therefore indicating that there are far reaching implications for humans when there is poor waste management in the environment [17-19]. It is therefore worrisome to observe that waste litters cities of developing countries which is the case of port Harcourt. In Port Harcourt, as one moves round the city there is litter of waste everywhere especially along the sidewalks and the route centre demarcations. This tend to breed diseases carrying agents such as mosquitoes, rats, flies etc [20-25], on one hand, and on the other hand disorganises the city and harasses commuters with the stench it produces. This study is thus set out to highlight the role government/private partnership would play in eradicating street waste dumps in Port Harcourt.
1.Materials and Methods
The authors of the paper were used as methods of work: In terms of methods the study adopted survey research design and copies of questionnaire were administered on the population of the city using the Taro Yamane formula (see equation 1) and assumption to select 400 samples as sample population. To ensure effective distribution of the questionnaire, the study area was first stratified using the existing land uses and the questionnaires were administered to clusters of population who are near and exposed to the waste deposits themselves. The questionnaires were validated by a psychometrician and reliability was achieved by conducting a pilot survey of 10% of total respondents and question entries were valid at 0.05 confidence level before they were administered. The analyses of data were done using means and percentages.
2.Research Results
In table 1, available information shows that only 6.7% and 9.4% respectively are within the age cohort of 23-30 and 31- 35 years respectively. The table also reveals that majority of the sampled population fall within the above age 40 cohort. This thus substantiates that the sampled population have a fair knowledge of the subject matter for which they have responded to.
Table 2 shows that male respondents are 49.3% and the female population
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英文原文
The Role of Government and Private Partnership in Eradicating Street Waste Dumps in Port Harcourt(节选）
Abstract:This study is concerned with unraveling the role of government and private individuals in eradicating street refuse dumps in Port Harcourt city. The study adopted the survey research design and 400 copies of questionnaire were administered in the city. To ensure effective distribution the area was first stratified using the existing land uses. The analysis was done using means and percentages. However, findings include 70% of respondents highlighted that government waste management agency is not efficient in the area, and that this has forced most residents to dump waste indiscriminately along streets in the area. 73% of respondents also suggested that private waste managers charge too high for waste collection. Problems associated with indiscriminate waste disposal in the area includes, untidy streets (90%)； Air pollution (73%)； Road traffic obstruction (23%)； spread of rodents (53%)； spread of diseases (82%) etc. The study however concluded that, government and private agencies must partner to combat waste generation problem, the people of Port Harcourt city should be advised on proper waste management techniques such as sorting, burying organic waste etc； there is an urgent need for waste treatment plants at strategic points in the city； stiff fines should be placed on violators in the area.
Key words: Role, Street, Waste-dumps, Port Harcourt
Introduction
Waste is referred to as anything that has no material, social and economic value to someone in possession of it [1]. This has been classified as solid, sewage or at time municipal waste etc. however the classification waste is given, one thing is the underlying fact； that is that it does not have any value to the person that was in possession of it. Nevertheless, more recently it is becoming clearer that the term waste is a relative one. This is because what one person classifies as waste may just be of value to another person. Therefore, the ability to manage waste goes far beyond the outright sanctions and legislative laws imposed by governments, but extends to the ability of a people to utilise civilization and technological advancement in a bid to manage waste [2-6].
However, one of the major problems associated with urbanisation in the developing world is poor waste management and this is easily seen as one traverses major cities in the developing world. What is evident from literature is that most of these cities are largely developed without a master plan [7]. Thus as the places are becoming urbanised there are no plans to put in place a waste management plan, which would include the waste management practice, treatment plants and dump sites. Other researchers have advanced a poor technological advancement as a major factor that account for poor waste management in the developing world. While others [8-13] have insisted that the population and the consequent generation of waste that exceed the capacity of waste collection have contributed to poor waste management in the developing world.
Furthermore, there have been strong correlations between environmental conditions and human health in previous studies [14-16], therefore indicating that there are far reaching implications for humans when there is poor waste management in the environment [17-19]. It is therefore worrisome to observe that waste litters cities of developing countries which is the case of port Harcourt. In Port Harcourt, as one moves round the city there is litter of waste everywhere especially along the sidewalks and the route centre demarcations. This tend to breed diseases carrying agents such as mosquitoes, rats, flies etc [20-25], on one hand, and on the other hand disorganises the city and harasses commuters with the stench it produces. This study is thus set out to highlight the role government/private partnership would play in eradicating street waste dumps in Port Harcourt.
1.Materials and Methods
The authors of the paper were used as methods of work: In terms of methods the study adopted survey research design and copies of questionnaire were administered on the population of the city using the Taro Yamane formula (see equation 1) and assumption to select 400 samples as sample population. To ensure effective distribution of the questionnaire, the study area was first stratified using the existing land uses and the questionnaires were administered to clusters of population who are near and exposed to the waste deposits themselves. The questionnaires were validated by a psychometrician and reliability was achieved by conducting a pilot survey of 10% of total respondents and question entries were valid at 0.05 confidence level before they were administered. The analys
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