“他用极有男子气概的胳膊抓住她,将自己的嘴唇弯向她的……”论言情小说对我们工作的惊人影响(节选)外文翻译资料

 2022-12-27 16:22:03

“He seized her in his manly arms and bent his lips to hershellip;”. The surprising impact that romantic novels have on our work

Susan Quilliam

(J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2011;37:179-181 doi:10.1136/jfprhc-2011-100152)

【Background】

Just 14 years of age, innocent if not ignorant of the facts of life, I went to stay with my older cousin. She seemed very worldly-wise, so when she offered me a romantic novel by Georgette Heyer with the comment “I think yoursquo;re old enough”, I wondered what debauchery I would find within.

Reader, I devoured every page. The adorably beautiful Regency heroine, the brutally handsome Regency hero, the passionate glances across the Assembly Room floor, the chaste kiss with which the book ended. I worked my way through Heyerrsquo;s entire canon before my 15th birthday.

Which is why, when tasked to comment on the impact of romantic fiction on female sexual health, I was keener than you might imagine. The genre has been the target of much formal criticism – 1970s feminist academics said it forced women into patriarchal marriage. It still is the target of sneers, sniggers and accusations of lsquo;soft core pornrsquo;. But I remember my 14-yearold self and I can see the point.

【Romantic fiction as sex education】

That said, many Journal readers may not see the point. What relevance can romantic fiction have to the clients who turn up at our family planning clinics, arrive in our surgeries, or present their problems in our therapy rooms?

I believe therersquo;s huge relevance. In some Western countries, romance accounts for nearly half of all fiction bought; some fans read up to 30 titles a month, one book every 2 days. So while womenrsquo;s exposure to formal sex and relationships education (SRE) may be as little as a few hours in a lifetime, exposure to the brand of SRE offered in romantic novels may be as much as a day every week. What we see in our consulting rooms is more likely to be informed by Mills and Boon than by the Family Planning Association.

So what is romantic fiction? Writersrsquo; associations define it as a genre where the love relationship is the sole important focus, and where there is an emotionally satisfying and clearly optimistic ending. Within that definition, there are a dizzying number of subgenres, including historical, science fiction, medical, Latino, suspense, paranormal, religious – plus, of course, erotic romance.

The category follows a strict formula – publishing houses issue extensive author guidelines – because readers demand consistency and familiarity. Books should be a certain length: typically 80 000 words for a stand-alone work, 50 000 for the lsquo;categoryrsquo; novels, which appear monthly and are then withdrawn and pulped to keep demand alive. Books should follow a set structure: classically, Girl meets Boy within the first few pages and becomes irrevocably committed to him by the final chapter, with no intervening diversions from the forward movement of the romance.

Unsurprisingly, books should keep within the boundaries of lsquo;normalrsquo; physical affection – that is, activities accepted as normal by Western society, though the religious subgenre rarely includes physical contact whereas romantica majors on it. Crucially, certain taboos must be observed and certain paraphilias avoided, though as one novelist recently observed about the vampire strand, “sex with sentient shape-shifters does not count as bestiality”.

【Romantic fiction as value transmitter】

So far, I have no concerns. Length, structure, storyline may mean boring predictability and their impact on the clients we work with is likely to be minimal. Delve deeper though, and it gets less helpful.

For the values of romantic fiction – particularly at its inception – sometimes run totally counter to those which we Journal readers espouse. The very first example of the genre – Samuel Richardsonrsquo;s Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) – tells the story of a young servant maid abducted and near-raped by her master. The famous Mills and Boon imprint (1931–) from the start majored on stunningly beautiful but passive virgins whose sexual desire was awakened by their perfectly-choreographed seduction at the hands of a highly-skilled alpha male. The post-sexual revolution bodice rippers of the 1970s typically ended with the heroine being rescued from danger by the hero, and then abandoning herself joyfully to a life of intercoursedriven multiple orgasms and endless trouble-free pregnancies in order to cement their marital devotion. And while there is much more real-life awareness nowadays – female characters have jobs, male characters are sensitive and sensible, both face challenges such as addiction, disability, single parenting or domestic violence – still a deep strand of escapism, perfectionism and idealisation runs through the genre.

“Sex may be wonderful and relationships loving, but neither are ever perfect and idealising them is the short way to heartbreak.”

Clearly, these messages run totally counter to those we try to promote. We donrsquo;t condone non-consensual sex. We want women to be aware of their own desires rather than be lsquo;awakenedrsquo;. We aim to reassure our female clients that their first time may not be utterly joyful and that they may not gain reliable orgasms through penetration, but that they themselves are none the less existentially valid and that with affection and good humour things can improve immensely. We warn of the stresses of pregnancy and child-rearing, and we discourage relentless baby-making as proof of a relationshiprsquo;s strength. Above all, we teach that sex may be wonderful and relationships loving, but neither are ever perfect and that idealising them is the short way to heartbreak. But are our lessons falling on deaf ears when compared to the values of the Regency heroine gazing adoringly across the Assembly Rooms to catch a glimpse of her man?

Therersquo;s a final,

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“他用极有男子气概的胳膊抓住她,将自己的嘴唇弯向她的hellip;hellip;”论言情小说对我们工作的惊人影响(节选)

苏珊·奎利安

(源自《生殖保健》,2011年)

【背景】

在我年仅十四岁,天真无邪且不懂得生活的真谛时,我和表姐住在一起。她看起来精于世故,所以每当她给我写有乔吉特·海尔的评论“我认为你已经足够老”的言情小说时,我都会好奇我能在里面找到什么样的伤风败俗的桥段。

作为读者,我认真阅读了每一页。里面有英国古典时期可爱美丽的女主人公,残忍英俊的男主角,礼堂中炙热浓烈的目光交汇,最后以一个纯洁的吻作为结尾。在15岁生日前,我都用海耶的一整套标准来思考这本书的真谛。

这就是为什么,在负责评述言情小说对女性性健康的影响时,我比你们想象的要热情专注。这类题材一直是许多形式主义的批评对象——20世纪70年代的女权主义者说,它迫使妇女进入父权制婚姻。直到现在,它依然被嘲笑指责为“软性色情”。但我记得14岁的自我剖析,我可以看到本质。

【把言情小说作为性教育】

许多杂志读者可能都看不到这一点:对于计划生育门诊的患者、手术台上的病人以及在治疗室中呈现出问题的病患来说,他们与言情小说有什么关系呢?

在我看来,他们关联甚密。在一些西方国家中,言情类小说几乎占据了所有售出书本的一半份额,许多粉丝一个月阅读30篇言情小说,每两天看完一本书。女性一生中接受正式的性别与人际关系教育(SRE)的学习可能只有短短几个小时,接受言情小说中提供的性别与人际关系教育(SRE)的观念大概是每周一天那么长,所以我们在咨询室中看到的患者更可能是由于米尔斯·布恩(一本言情畅销书)引起的疾病,而非计划生育协会。

所以,言情小说是什么呢?作家协会把它定义为一种流派,其中爱情关系是最重要的焦点,并且它有一种情感上的满足愉悦和清晰的乐观结局。在这个定义中,有许多令人眼花缭乱的子因素,包括历史、科幻、医学、拉丁美洲、悬念、超出科学范围的、宗教的等等,当然,色情因素同样在内。

它的种类遵循一种严格的分类——出版社发行大量的作者指南——因为读者需求的一致性与熟悉度。书籍需要有一个确定的长度:一般一个独立作品八万个单词,那些一个月刊载一次、最后出版的“分类”小说则是五万个单词,这是为了保持读者的持续新鲜度。书籍同样需要遵循一系列结构。按照古典主义来说,女孩与男孩在前几页相遇,然后不可取消的一直把它写到最后一章,中间没有其他的情节分散读者注意力,一直言情到底。

不出意外的话,整本书都应该保持在正常的生理感情内——这就是说,其中的活动需要被正常的西方社会所接受,尽管宗教这个子因素很少包括主要由于浪漫与爱情而产生的身体接触。关键的是,一定要遵守一些禁忌,避免一些变态性欲。尽管一个小说家最近观察到了吸血鬼的线,但“有感情的形体转换的性爱不算是人兽交和”。

【言情小说作为价值观的传递者】

至今为止,我没关注过这个问题。长度、结构、故事线索可能只是对于言情小说的无聊预测,它对我们患者的影响似乎是最小的。进行更深层次的研究的话,它们就不那么有用了。

言情小说的价值观——特别是在初期——总是与杂志读者所拥立的完全契合。关于这类例子,最明显的就是理查德森帕梅拉的《塞缪尔》,或者叫做《好人好报》(1740年),讲述了一个年轻的女仆被她的主人绑架诱拐并且强奸的故事。著名的《米尔斯和恩》(1931——)则从一开始就主要讲述了一个绝美但被动冷漠的处女被一个完美且技术熟练的男人用手勾起性欲的故事。后来在20世纪70年代,在具有代表性的浪漫小说出版商的性改革后,言情小说通常以女主角在危险中被英雄拯救出来,然后愉快的放弃自我,投入到婚姻生活中,开始性高潮连连和无休止的怀孕生活以巩固婚姻生活作结尾。现在,关于这一点有更多的来自于真实生活的认知——女性有工作,男性是非常敏感的,他们都面临着像是上瘾、残疾、单身家庭或家庭暴力等问题。所以,这种小说仍然只是一种逃避现实的空想,属于十全十美的理想主义范畴。

“性可能是美妙的,是一种爱的关系,但无论性还是爱,都不是完美的。如果把它们想成十全十美和理想化的,那只会让你心碎。”

很明显,这些现实与我们努力在言情小说中所宣传的背道而驰。我们不能容忍未经双方同意的性关系。我们想让女性感知到自己的欲望,而非“被唤醒”。我们的目标是使我们的女性患者安心,她们的第一次可能完全不快乐,也不会通过观察获得完美的性高潮,但让女性感受完美依然是正当的,如果添加爱慕和幽默感的话,事情可以得到很大改善。我们让女性警醒怀孕和抚养孩子的压力,不希望她们无情的用孩子来作为一段良好关系的证明。最重要的是,我们教育她们,性爱可能是美妙的,是一种爱的关系,但无论性还是爱,都不是完美的。如果把它们想成十全十美和理想化的,那只会让人心碎。但对英国古典时期,女主角在礼堂中深情凝视着,只为换来她爱的人的一瞥这种价值观来说,我们的忠告是否无效呢?

专业的两性健康专家和言情小说作者有一个最终的、令人担忧的区别。直率地说,我们喜欢避孕套——因为它能够起到保护和避孕的作用,而小说家们不喜欢。在一项最近的调查中,只有11.5%的言情小说在情节中用到了避孕套,而在这些情况下,女主角通常拒绝了使用避孕套的提议,因为她希望自己与男主角之间没有“隔阂”。更令人担忧的是,尽管言情小说的读者在接受采访时说,他们知道这样的情节只发生在小说里,但在未来,言情小说的阅读与否与安全套的使用频率仍然具有明显的相关性。

【最后的疑虑】

然后hellip;hellip;然后,是的,我仍然能记得自己在第一次专注的读着乔吉特·海尔的小说时那种由激素驱动的兴奋。但现在呢?现在我只有在情节复杂、人物完美饱满、风格独特精致时才会阅读言情小说,——甚至即便这样,我也只能把它当成空想的产物,无法感同身受。因为一旦谈到言情小说,它必然在书名中就有线索,小说的风格是虚构的,而非真实;而爱情也许是小说中美好的基础,但它本身并不足够强大到撑起主角一生的关系,但我不知道我的患者中有多少人认清了这个事实。是的,他们说他们可以区分现实与小说,可一旦涉及到生命中的重要决定时,他们能因为自己是言情小说的粉丝,就令头脑变得不那么简单吗?

“有时候,我们能为患者做的最好的、最明智的服务,就是鼓励他们放下小说,重回现实。”

我这么说可能有点扫兴,但我坚决主张在我们诊所和心理咨询室中接待的相当多的患者,都是被言情小说所影响的。如果一个女人在她看过的100部言情小说里学习一年,那么她将会认为爱情的感觉是最重要的,进而终止她对浪漫主义的理性看法。这可能意味着在遇到一个陌生男人时,她不会保护自己,因为她想尝试小说中女主角被高潮席卷的那一刻;这也可能意味着这个男人在接下来的几个月会劝说她放弃避孕措施,理由是“我们是彼此相爱的”;这还可能意味着她会背叛她所有的道德准绳去中止怀孕(或怀第二胎),只因为那个男人要求她这么做;最后,这可能意味着怀孕之后,突来的性欲或脾气的暴躁会造成事故,进而完全陷入恐慌——毕竟,这些失败是从不会发生在言情小说的女主角身上的。这可能意味着,在这种恐慌中,女人将判断在这个时候爱情是否仍然存在于生活,如果不存在了,她将把接下来的命运交付到下一段恋情里。

我不认为所有言情小说都是引人误入歧途的、错误的或邪恶的——这样会否定少年时期的自我和数百万天真地享受爱情的读者。并且,在有不可逃避的压力或突发状况出现时,这些小说会给人带来愉悦和快乐,会使人们对自我有一个更好的认识。

但我坚持认为,如果读者开始相信言情小说中所写的爱情故事,那就等于给他们自己储存了麻烦,而且还会在一段时间后将这些麻烦带进我们的咨询室。有时候,我们能为患者做的最好的、最明智的服务,就是鼓励他们放下小说,重回现实。

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