Materials Letters 76 (2012) 73–76
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Materials Letters
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matlet
Microwave dielectric properties of Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21(x= 0–3) ceramics
Liang Fang ⁎, Wei Liao, Meixia Wu, Qinwen Liu, Ying Tang, Hui Zhang
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous metals and specific Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials and New Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 30 December 2011
Accepted 19 February 2012
Available online 24 February 2012
Keywords: Ceramics Sintering Dielectrics Microstructure X-ray diffraction
a b s t r a c t
The single phase Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 (x= 0–3) solid solution system has been synthesized by the conven- tional solid-state ceramic route, and the effect of Sb substitution for Nb on structure and microwave dielectric properties has also been investigated. The ceramics were well sintered at the temperatures ranging from 1100 °C to 1220 °C for 4 h. The microwave dielectric properties of these ceramics show a linear variation be- tween the end members for all compositions, and Sb substitution effectively improved the quality factor and
modified tau;f. With the increasing Sb content, the dielectric constant (εr) decreased from 78 to 27, the Q times; f
value enhanced significantly from 9800 to 29,400 GHz, and tau;f improving from 205 ppm/°C to minus;25 ppm/°C.
copy; 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Introduction
With the recent progress in the microwave communication sys- tem, microwave dielectric ceramics have received considerable at- tention owing to their important applications in mobile and satellite telecommunication equipments such as filters, dielectric resonators and voltage-controlled oscillators [1,2]. The microwave materials that are to be utilized in microwave devices must have three dielectric characteristics (a) high dielectric constant (εr) for miniaturization, (b) high unloaded quality factor (Qu) or low di- electric loss for better selectivity and (c) low temperature coeffi- cient of resonant frequency (tau;f) for frequency stability. Meanwhile, there is a considerable interest in lowering the sinter- ing temperatures of dielectric ceramics for co-firing with cheaper and highly conductive internal electrode metals such as Ag (the melting point 961 °C) and Cu (the melting point 1050 °C) in order to meet the requirement of low cost and minimization of components in commercial applications. However, contemporary commercial resonator materials such as Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3, (Zr,Sn) TiO4, and CaTiO3–NdAlO3 had the sintering temperatures higher than 1300 °C [1,2], which limits their applications in low- temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) microwave devices. In order to explore new materials with low sintering temperature, much at- tention has been paid to Li-containing compounds such as
⁎ Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous metals and specific Materials Processing, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China. Tel.: 86 773 5896290; fax: 86 773 5896436.
E-mail address: fangliangskl@yahoo.com.cn (L. Fang).
Li0.5Sm0.5WO4 [3], Li2(M2 )2Mo3O12 and Li3(M3 )Mo3O12 (M= Zn, Ca, Al, and In) [4], [(Li0.5Bi0.5) xBi1 minus; x][MoxV1 minus; x]O4 [5], Li3NbO4 [6] and LiBa4M3O12(M= Nb,Ta) [7,8].
Recently, the microwave dielectric properties of the Ba3 minus; xSrxLi Nb3Ti5O21 have been reported by Dhanya et al. [9]. Among these compositions, Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21 ceramic was sintered at 1200 °C with density of 4.282 g/cm3 (low relative density of 84.2%) and was char- acterized with εr value of 54.9, Q times; f value of 3200 GHz, and a positive tau;f value of 236 ppm/°C. Consequently, the εr and Q times; f value might be improved if the dense ceramics are obtained, in addition, modifica- tions are strongly required in tau;f if microwave applications are consid- ered. Since the Shannons effective ionic radii of Sb5 (0.6 Aring;, CN= 6) is very similar to that of Nb5 (0.64 Aring;, CN= 6) [10], Nb might be replaced by Sb to form Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 compositions. Moreover,
Sb substitutions for Nb in the Ba8M(Nb6 minus; xSbx)O24 (M= Zn, Mg) ce-
ramics
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Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21(x=0-3)陶瓷的微波介电性能
方量、廖伟、吴美霞、刘秦雯、唐颖、张慧
摘要
采用传统的固相陶瓷路线合成了单相Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21(x=0-3)固溶体体系,并研究了Nb的取代对结构和介电性能的影响。文中还对微波介质特性进行了研究。在1100°C~1220°C温度范围内对陶瓷进行了4 h的良好烧结,研究了陶瓷的微波介电性能。 Amics显示出所有成分的最终成员之间的线性变化,Sb替代有效地提高了质量因子和tau;f。随着Sb含量的增加,介电常数εr从78降低到27,Qtimes;f值从9800提高到29400 GHz,tau;f值为205~minus;25 ppm/℃。
1.介绍
随着微波通信系统的发展,微波介质陶瓷由于在移动通信、卫星通信与通信设备,如过滤器,介质谐振器和压控振荡器的重要应用,受到了越来越多的关注。在微波器件中使用的微波材料必须具有三个介电特性:(A)小型化的高介电常数(εr);(B)高的空载质量因数 (Qu)或选择性好的低二次电损耗,(C)稳定频率下,谐振频率的低温系数fi(tau;f)。同时,人们对用廉价、高导电的内电极金属降低Co-fi环用介电陶瓷的烧结温度也有很大的兴趣。例如,熔点为Ag(熔点961°C)和Cu(熔点1050°C),可以满足工业应用中成本低、元件最小化的要求。然而,诸如Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3, (Zr,Sn) TiO4和CaTiO3–NdAlO3等现代商业谐振器材料的烧结温度均高于1300℃[1,2],这限制了它们在低温Co-fi陶瓷微波器件中的应用。为了探索低烧结温度的新材料,人们对含锂化合物进行了大量的研究,如Li0.5Sm0.5WO4, Li2(M2 )2Mo3O12和Li3(M3 )Mo3O12 (M= Zn, Ca, Al, and In) , [(Li0.5Bi0.5) xBi1 minus; x][MoxV1 minus; x]O4 , Li3NbO4 和LiBa4M3O12(M= Nb,Ta)。
最近,丹尼亚等人报道了Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 的微波介电性能。其中 Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21陶瓷在1200℃下烧结,其密度为4.282 g/cm3(相对密度为84.2%), εr值为54.9,Qtimes;f值为3200 GHz,正tau;f值为236ppm/°C。因此,如果想要获得高介电性能的陶瓷材料,则可以通过提高陶瓷致密度来完成。此外,考虑微波应用方面,则tau;f中对改良的要求很高。Sb的Shannon有效离子半径 5(0.6,CN=6)与Nb5(0.64Au,CN=6)非常相似,Nb可能被Sb取代形成 Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21 。已有报道表明,若Sb取代Nb,能有效地降低tau;f值。并且随着Sb含量的增加,Mg4(Nb2minus;xSbx)O9(x=0-1)固溶体的Qtimes;f值从196000提高到280000 GHz。 因此,Sb取代Nb可能是提高Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21介电性能的一种很好的方法。默西迪丝曾报道过 Ba3LiSb3Ti5O21的晶体结构,其晶体结构与 Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21具有等结构。然而,目前还没有关于其微波介电性能的报道。本文研究了 Ba3LiM3Ti5O21致密陶瓷及 Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21 (x=0–3)固溶体,并对其微波介电性能进行了表征。
- 实验步骤
Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 陶瓷是通过常规固相法制备的。根据Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21 的成分比例,将高纯度的BaCO3 (gt;99.99%), Li2CO3(gt;98%),Nb2O5(gt;99.99%), Sb2O3(gt;99.9%), TiO2(gt;99.99%)进行混合。将混合物在酒精介质中球磨4小时,装在塑料瓶中。将湿法混合物快速烘干并在1000℃的气氛中煅烧4h。以聚乙烯醇溶液为粘结剂,对煅烧粉体进行重量比为5%的添加,并研磨6h。然后通过200目的筛子筛为优质粉末。将得到的粉末在压力为200 MPa的条件下,单轴压制成直径为12 mm,厚度为6mm的圆片。样品在550°C温度下保温4h脱胶,然后在1060~1260°C下烧结4h。
烧结试样的体积密度通过阿尔基米德法测出。陶瓷的相组成通过Xrd表征。烧结试样的表面通过SEM观测。微波双电性能通过介电谐振器法测出。共振频率下的温度系数tau;f由下列公式计算得出。
其中fT和f0分别是测量温度T(85°C)和T0(25°C)的共振频率。
- 结果与讨论
图1显示的是在不同温度下烧结的Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 (x= 0–3)陶瓷的室温Xrd图谱。如图,Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21 (PDF No. 83-1622)和Ba3LiSb3Ti5O21 (PDF No.83-1624)的衍射图相似。所有的峰都可以索引找到,没有任何迹象表明有第二相出现。这表明了在整个过程中获得的单固溶体相是一种六边形的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21结构。随着x含量的增加,衍射峰逐渐移向2theta;的较高角。结果表明,(1 1 3)峰、强度随sb含量的增加而增加,并达到一定的强度。 在x=0.5时,达到最大值;当x继续增加,其消失在Ba3LiSb3Ti5O21 中,这可能与Sb取代Nb而发生的晶粒形态变化有关。如表1所示,根据衍射数据计算的c/a比和单位晶胞体积可以观察到晶粒体积减少了。这可能与拥有较小离子半径的 Sb5 取代了Nb5 有关。但随着Sb取代量的增加,c/a比增大,表明在Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21 体系中,单位细胞沿c轴有拉伸作用。
在1060-1260°C的温度范围下烧结了绿色致密的粉末。从表1可以总结出Ba3LiNb3 minus; xSbxTi5O21固溶体的最佳烧结温度和密度。这些陶瓷的烧结温度随Sb含量的增加而升高,密度最大值在理论密度的95%以上。图二展示了在不同温度下烧结4h的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21 陶瓷的微观结构。结果表明,在1060°C下烧结的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21 陶瓷具有大量的表观孔隙和3mu;m以下的小颗粒良好微孔结构。烧结温度的升高有助于促进晶粒长大,晶粒尺寸从3到11不等。所以在1100°C下烧结的试样获得了显微组织致密,相对均匀晶粒形态的样品。但在1140°C时,由于试样的过烧结,开始出现15mu;m以下较大尺寸的晶粒。明显,丹尼亚等人在1200°C下烧结的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21陶瓷,由于过度烧结导致密度低(4.282 g/cm3)。典型SEM图像记录了Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21和Ba3LiSb3Ti5O21最佳烧结温度,说明了随着Sb含量的增加,晶粒呈现出由柱状向球形的趋势,得到的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21的填充晶粒尺寸范围为5-15mu;m,Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21的尺寸为2-5mu;m。
表1还概述了在最佳烧结温度下烧结的Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21陶瓷的微波介电性能。值得注意的是,在1100℃下烧结的Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21的tau;f为205ppm/°C,与以前的结果相似。 而εr为78,Qtimes;f值为9800 GHz,与55 GHz和3200 GHz相比有显著差异。由于,Ba3LiNb3Ti5O21陶瓷在不同的烧结条件下都得到六方相,εr和Qtimes;f的提高主要是由于它们的密度从4.282 g/cm3增加到4.87g/cm3。在最佳烧结条件下,陶瓷的εr 随着Sb含量的增加,其含量从78%增加到27%。一般情况下,通过莫索蒂方程,εr可以用单个离子的离子极化率(alpha;T)和摩尔体积(VM)之和来很好地解释。
取b=4pi;/3
随着Sb含量的增加,Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21陶瓷的Qtimes;f值从9800 GHz逐渐增加到29400 GHz。Nb的取代增强了Sb-O键的共价性,使Qtimes;f值增大,εr减小。与Ba8M(Nb6minus;xSbx)O24(M=Zn,Mg)相似,其tau;f也有效地从205 ppm/℃降至minus;25 ppm/℃。对于无结构相转变的固溶体,tau;f与εr之间的关系是一致的。εr与tau;c,tau;f 与εr存在线性关系。由于Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21固溶体是由两个结构相同的端部组成的。Ba3LiNb3minus;xSbxTi5O21样品在tau;f和εr之间有类似的线性趋势(如图3所示),tau;f随相对介电常数的减小而减小。
- 结论
采用固相反应法选取1100℃到1220℃制备了单相Ba3LiNb3 minus; x 剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料
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