Freescale单片机在汽车控制中的应用外文翻译资料

 2022-12-12 17:18:05

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Freescale Single-chip Microcomputer s

in automobile control application

Freescale has the rich micro processing unit (MCU), but widely uses in the automobile electrically controlled engine, the automobile body, the crew member safety, the vehicle door and the chair, the glass, ventilation and air conditioning, skylight and light control, automobile local area networks gateway, communication facility, global positioning system and in other automobile control unit. Its product mainly includes 8/16 bit micro controller (including HC08/HCS08, HC12/HCS12 and so on), 32 bit micro controllers (including PowerPC, ColdFire, ARM and so on)

1. 8 bit Single-chip Microcomputer MC68HC11F1 and application

1.1 Characteristics of MC68HC11F1

8 bit micro controller MC68HC11F1 is high performance flash memory technology low cost chip based on the CPU of 8 bit HC08 the CPU . Its dozens of kind of different specifications product may cause the user to make a choice conveniently, the superior price performance ratio may cause the cost of the automobile electronic products to be more inexpensive.

Chief feature of MC68HC11F1 : Two kind of power saving mode, stop and waiting; working normal in 3.0-5.0V voltage ; 0, 256b, 512b or 768b in on-chip RAM, Data of RAM will be retained in standby; 0, 12kb or 20kb in on-chip RAM or EPROM; Serical Communication Interface SCI,8 channel, 8 bit A/D transducer ; 16 bit timer systems; 8 bit pulse accumulators, real-time interrupt electric circuit and so on.

1.2 MC68HC11F1 is employed in in automobile electronic control system

Since Marelli simple point electronic fuel injectionn engine management system is promoted based on MC68HC11F1, our country Shenyang gold cup sea lion passenger car , the gold cup China passenger vehicle, Anhui Chery passenger vehicle, the Tianjin Xiali passenger vehicle and so on has used this kind of engine management system . Below to take gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit for an example, I introduces MC68HC11F1 employed in in automobile electronic control system.

1.2.1 Compositions of system

As shown in Figure 1, gold cup simple point Marelli logic circuit is mainly composed of the below part:

  1. Electric circuits control core MC68HC11F1 (CPU), is Freescale 8 bit MCU of automobile special-purpose ;
  2. Tristate bus driver 74HC244 with enable, is the switch of status information input for air conditioning, oil pump, EVAP solenoid valve, idling motor and so on ;
  3. 8 groups rises along D trigger 74HC273 with reset , is driving signal take-off valves for idling motor, host relay, trouble lamp, air conditioning relay power and so on ;

4. 512kb 8 bit read-only memory M27C512, uses for to save computers master routine.

Diagnosis interface

M27C512

A/D

PortA PortD

CPU

PortG PortE

PortB.F PortC

logic

Little fire

driver

driver

Automobile active

status sensor signal

oil injection

Signal adjustment

Reset

L9170

Date Bus

driver

74HC273

74HC244

Device state information

Signal adjustment

air conditioning, breakdown lights, host relay,

idling regime

Figure 1 gold cup simple point Marelli logic circui

1.2.2 principles of work

Puting through the power source, power source chip L9710 starts to provide the work power source and sensors reference voltage, the 8th foot output the low electric potential reset signal and delivers to reset end of the CPU, simultaneously delivers to zero clearing end of 74HC273 to make its output end reset , CPU to enter launching state.

First carries on the replacement to the internal hardware, establishes corresponding register, then starts Boot loader procedure, carries on the procedure loading. Reads master routine in the M27C512 in internal RAM , and enters run condition of the programthrough the skipping instruction. The master routine outputs logic “1” (high electric potential) through data bus D2 , after this signal is locked by the 74HC273 outputing the high electric potential control signal from the 6th foot,makes the main relay go through,Adds the 12V power source to the external instrumentation such as the fuel injector the ignition coil and so on . Then read in rotational speed signal and the exterior sensor signal through PA, PE, to judge the vehicles current operating condition, and according to the current operating mode outputs the corresponding driving signal from PD, PG mouth and the data bus ( locked by the 74HC273 )to make the equipment enter the running status . Again reads in the corresponding equipments status messages through PA, PD, PG and the data bus (drived by the 74HC244 ), carries on the comparison with control rule chart of the M27C512 , to optimizate and adjust ignition timing and spurts oil systems control. The logic circuit, the sensor and the implementing agency constitution make up of closed-loop control system to make the engine be at the optimum condition.

2. 16 Single-chip Microcomputer MC9S12DP256 and application

2.1 Characteristics of MC9S12DP256

MC9S12DP256 is high speed, the high performance, 5.0V the Flash memorys 16 bit micro controllers which based on 16 bit HCS12 CPU and 0.25 um microelectronic technology . Its high performance-to-price ratio is suitable in some upscale automobile control system, the simple background development pattern will also further reduce the development cost , simultaneously also will cause the scene dev

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Freescale单片机在汽车控制中的应用

Freescale拥有丰富的微处理单元(MCU),可广泛用于汽车电控发动机、车身、乘员安全、车门和座椅、车窗、通风和空调、天窗和灯光控制,汽车局域网的网关、通信设备、全球定位系统及其他汽车控制单元中。其产品主要包括8/16位微控制器(包括HC08/HCS08、HC12/HCS12等)、32位位微控制器(包括PowerPC、ColdFire、ARM等)

1. 8位单片机MC68HC11F1及其应用

1.1 MC68HC11F1的特征

MC68HC11F1 8位微控制器是基于8位HC08 CPU高性能闪存技术的低成本芯片。其数十种不同规格的产品可使用户更方便地进行选择,优越的性能价格比可使汽车电子产品的成本更低廉。

MC68HC11F1的主要特征:两种省电模式,停止和等待;3.0-5.0V电压均可正常工作;0、256b、512b或768b在片RAM,RAM数据在待机时保留;0、12kb或20kb在片RAM或EPROM,;异步串行通信接口SCI,8通道,8位A/D转换器;16位定时器系统;8位脉冲累加器,实时中断电路等。

1.2 MC68HC11F1 在汽车电子控制中的应用

自推出采用 MC68HC11F1的玛瑞利单点电喷发动机管理系统以来,我国沈阳金杯海狮客车、金杯中华轿车、安徽奇瑞轿车、天津夏利轿车等都采用了这种发动机管理系统。下面以金杯单点玛瑞利逻辑电路为例,介绍 MC68HC11F1在汽车电子控制中的应用。

1.2.1 系统组成

如图1所示,金杯单点玛瑞利逻辑电路主要由以下部件组成:

  1. 电路的控制核心 MC68HC11F1(CPU),为摩托罗拉8位汽车专用MCU;
  2. 带使能端的三态总线驱动器74HC244,为空调、油泵、EVAP电磁阀、怠速电机等设备的状态信息输入开关;
  3. 带复位端的8路上升沿D触发器74HC273,为怠速电机、主继电器、故障指示灯、空调继电器等驱动信号的输出开关;
  4. 512kb 8位只读存储器M27C512,用来存储电脑的主程序。

M27C512

信号调整

A/D

逻辑

汽车工作状态传感器信号

喷油

点火

驱动器

驱动器

PortA PortD

CPU

PortG PortE

PortB.F PortC

诊断接口

Reset

L9170

Date Bus

设备状态信息

信号调整

空调、故障灯、主继电器、怠速等驱动输出

驱动器

74HC273

74HC244

图1 金杯单点马瑞利逻辑电路

1.2.2 工作原理

接通电源,电源芯片L9710开始提供工作电源及传感器的参考电压,8号脚输出低电位复位信号并送至CPU的复位端,同时送到74HC273的清零端使其输出清零,CPU进入启动状态。首先对内部硬件进行复位,设置相应的寄存器,然后开始Boot loader程序,进行程序装载。将M27C512中的主程序读入内部的RAM中,并通过跳转指令进入程序运行状态。主程序从数据总线D2上输出逻辑“1”(高电位),该信号经74HC273锁存后从6号脚输出高电位控制信号,使主继电器接通,将12V电源加到喷油器及点火线圈等外部设备上。然后通过PA、PE口读入转速信号和外部传感器信号,以判断车辆当前的运行工况,并根据当前工况从PD、PG口及数据总线(经74HC273锁存)输出相应的使设备进入运行状态的驱动信号。再通过PA、PD、PG及数据总线(经74HC244驱动)读入相应设备的状态信息,与M27C512中的控制规则图进行比较,优化并调整点火与喷油系的控制。逻辑电路、传感器及执行机构构成闭环控制系统,使发动机处于最佳状态。

2. 16位单片机MC9S12DP256及其应用

2.1 MC9S12DP256的特征

MC9S12DP256是基于16位HCS12 CPU及0.25 um微电子技术的高速、高性能,带5.0V Flash存储器的16位微控制器。其较高的性价比非常适合于一些中高档汽车控制系统,较简单的背景开发模式也会使开发成本进一步降低,同时也使现场开发与系统升级变得更加方便。

MC9S12DP256的主频高达25 MHz,片上还集成了许多标准模块,包括2个异步串行通信口SCI、3个同步串行通信口SPI、8通道输入捕捉/输出比较定时器、2个、10位8通道A/D转换模块、1个8通道脉宽调制模块、49个独立数字I/O口(其中20个具有外部中断及唤醒功能)、兼容CAN2.0A/B协议的5个CAN模块以及一个内部IC总线模块;片内拥有256kb的Flash EEPRROM、12kb的RAM、4kb的EEPROM。

2.2 MC9S12DP256在汽车电子控制中的应用

图2为典型的汽车门控系统示意图。其中央微控制器选用MC9S12DP256单片机,MC33389A、MC33884、MC33887、MC33486等均为Freescale智能模拟器件。其中:MC33389A为开关电源芯片,提供CPU工作电压(5V);可将点火开关信号、车门开关信号及面板开关信号由SPI接入微控制器,进行唤醒、复位和中断等工作;还具有容错功能的CAN物理层驱动器;此外,它可将系统接入整车网络中。MC33884的主要作用是实时监测面板开关的状态并驱动面板的照明灯。MC33887是一个驱动电路芯片,可用于后视镜位置电机、后视镜折叠电机及门锁电机的驱动,该功能也可选用MC33884配合独立的MOS驱动管来完成。MC33290主要用于整个系统的诊断。

VBATT

后视镜位置电动

点火开关 VBATT

VDD I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

MC9S12DP256

MC33887

车门 后视镜折叠电机

MC33887

MC33887

监测面板

CANH R1 RXJTX RX

R2

CANL

闭锁电机

MTB75N06HD

MTB75N06HD

VBATT

MC33887

监测面板

MC33486DH

VBATT

面板照明灯

系统诊断 车窗玻璃升降

MC33290D

电机

图2 汽车门控系统

3 32位单片机MPC500及其应用

3.1 MPC500的特征

作为该领域的领头羊,MPC500系列经专门设计,满足了高速行驶汽车所需的严格的工作环境要求。整个产品系列包括无闪存的MPC561和内置1M闪存的MPC566等,以针对多种不同的应用环境。可应用于汽油机管理、直接燃油喷射、电子传动控制等动力传输系统及稳定控制系统和悬挂应用系统。MPC500系列MCU还具有浮点单元和智能时钟等创新功能,能满足控制速度和精度要求。

MPC500内包含一个系统集成模组(SIM)、一个时间处理单元(TPU)、一个队列串行接口模组(QSM)、2k静态随机存储器,带有TPU仿真能力(TPURAM)。采用HCMOS技术,可进一步降低产品功耗,同时指令系统包含专用低功耗指令LPSTOP。系统时钟停止状态下,功率消耗最低。

3.2 MPC500在汽车电子控制中的应用

MPC500主要应用于新型汽车发动机管理系统中,如GM的P5、P6系列发动机管理系统。图3是基于32位MPC500微控制器的发动机管理系统组 成方案。

MPC500(MCU)

车速传感器

燃 油

喷 射

驱 动

用户代码

API

接口

驱动器

API接口

驱动器

曲轴位置

发动机温度

环境温度

诊断代码

支管压力

点火线圈驱 动

节气门位置

空气流量

电磁阀驱动

爆震传感器

操作系统

氧传感器

电磁阀驱动

机油压力

燃油压力

SCI/CAN/FlexRay

诊断线驱动

模拟输入、输出

外围元件

图3 32位MPC500微控制器的发动机管理系统组成方案

4 总结

自20世纪90年代中期以来,智能电子产品在汽车中的应用越来越广泛,已迅速发展为汽车综合电子控制技术。它以大规模集成电路和控制器局域网为特征,包括单片机、灵巧的电源及智能的传感器,它运用计算机网络和通信技术,既能将原来有限的综合性电子控制系统扩大成汽车整体综合控制系统,又可与汽车外部道路、交通、通信条件联结起来,使汽车成为智能交通系统或智能道路系统的一部分。

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