Analysis of Financial Statements of the Panel Industry under the Harvard Analytical Framework
——Taking BOE as an Example
Research Background and Significance
With the era of information and intelligence setting in, the global market demand for electronic products continues to increase, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops and sweeping robots, of which the central components are sensors, semiconductors, and displays. At present, the development of traditional LED technology is weak with slow market growth, while emerging technologies such as AMOLED are developing rapidly in the display fields such as high-end smart phones and wearable devices, which are favored by many high-tech product companies and thus demonstrate huge market development potential. At the same time, due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data, various industries are seeking to take advantage of more intelligent systems and efficient data analysis to attract more consumers, thereby achieving greater development opportunities and gaining bigger market share.
The research object of this paper, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., was established in 1993. It is a provider of Internet of Things technology, products and services, a Chinese high-tech enterprise specializing in the production and operation of liquid crystal displays (LCD) and LCD modules. BOE, whose core business includes display devices, smart systems and health services, launched the DSH strategy in 2014. It is currently the most comprehensive enterprise in the panel industry in mainland China, with shipment volume and market share having ranked among the top five in the global display field . BOErsquo;s operating income in 2017 hit 93.8 billion yuan and its net profit was 7.568 billion yuan. In the first half of 2018, its shipment volume of LCD TV panel took the first place around the world, surpassing South Korearsquo;s two major panel giants—LGD and Samsung for the first time.
As a global leader in sensor display, BOE has become one of the most innovative semiconductor display companies in the world. However, it has long been known as a high-tech company featuring heavy financing, huge loss and large subsidies. At present, financial studies of technology product and service providers are relatively few in China, most of which are concentrated in the analysis of industry development status and industrial scale. Therefore, this paper, adopting Harvard Analytical Framework and starting with BOErsquo;s development strategy, studies BOErsquo;s profit and loss through accounting and financial analysis based on its financial statements, and then combines industry trends and macro analysis to better predict the companyrsquo;s development prospects, thus providing useful information for reference.
An Overview of the Harvard Analytical Framework
The Harvard Analytical Framework, proposed by K.G. Palepu, P.M. Healy, and V.L. Bernard from Harvard University in 2000, is a new framework for financial analysis based on traditional methods. The three scholars believed that financial analysis should not only be based on the traditional methods of data analysis, but be combined with strategic analysis, accounting analysis, financial analysis and prospect analysis to make more scientific and objective analysis and judgment. Starting with strategic analysis, this framework first grasps the overall situation of the company; then, taking accounting analysis and financial analysis as the two main supports, it carries out accounting analysis of the companyrsquo;s solvency, operation, profitability and development capability based on the three major financial statements; finally, ending with prospects analysis, it makes predictions and suggestions on the direction and situation of the companyrsquo;s development. Jumping out of traditional, single financial analysis methods, Harvard Analytical Framework adds the analysis of the companyrsquo;s business environment and strategic goals, and uses various financial methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis [2]. Therefore, Harvard Analytical Framework takes more diverse perspectives, provides more abundant theory and data evidence and more precise content, and becomes increasingly suitable for the development of modern enterprises, thus proving to be an ideal tool for modern financial analysis.
Strategic Analysis
As the top-level design within an enterprise, strategic analysis is used to accurately determine the future direction and find its own foothold. At the same time, it is also the logical start of the Harvard Analytical Framework. In addition to helping users better judge their companiesrsquo; growth space in their own industries, the strategic analysis can also evaluate the sustainability of their competitive advantages, which will be analyzed in this article from the following two aspects.
Industry Analysis
The global LCD panel market has undergone tremendous changes in recent years. In 2015, South Korearsquo;s LG Group and Samsung Electronics were the market leaders, and BOE had significantly narrowed the technological gap with Japanese and Korean companies by investing heavily in technological research and development. However, in terms of high-end products, there is still a certain gap. Due to the high barrier to entry caused by the huge investment cost the LCD panel manufacturing industry incurs, BOE is relatively less threatened by potential entrants. Although suppliers such as BOE can maintain extremely high bargaining power during the negotiation process because oligopolistic companies in the field of LCD panels is highly concentrated, customersrsquo; bargaining power keeps rising owing to the increasing concentration of LCD purchases, the continuous improvement of standardization, and the decline in customer profitability. Besides, due to the relentless march of technology, BOE must maintain a high degree of technical sensitivity and always pay atten
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哈佛分析框架下的面板行业财务报表分析
——以BOE为例
1.研究背景与意义
随着信息和智能时代的到来,全球市场对电子产品的需求不断增加,如智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和扫地机器人,其中最重要的是中央元件是传感器、半导体和显示器。目前,传统LED技术发展乏力,市场增长缓慢,而新兴技术如AMOLED AR在高端智能手机和可穿戴设备等显示领域发展迅速,受到许多高科技产品公司的青睐,从而显示出巨大的市场发展潜力。同时,由于人工智能和大数据的快速发展,各行各业都在寻求利用更智能的系统和高效的数据分析。吸引更多的消费者,从而获得更大的发展机会,获得更大的市场份额。
本文的研究对象是BOE技术集团有限公司,成立于1993年。它是一家提供物联网技术、产品和服务的中国高新技术企业。 在液晶显示器和LCD模块的生产和操作中进行编程。BOE推出了Strand,其核心业务包括显示设备、智能系统和医疗服务。它是目前中国大陆面板行业最全面的企业,出货量和市场份额已跻身全球显示器行业前五名。英国央行2017年的营业收入达到938亿元,净利润为75.68亿元。2018年上半年,其液晶电视面板出货量居全国首位。超越韩国的两大面板巨头-LGD和三星。
作为传感器显示领域的全球领导者,BOE已成为世界上最具创新性的半导体显示公司之一。然而,长期以来,它一直被称为一家以重FI为特色的高科技公司。目前,我国对技术产品和服务提供商的财务研究相对较少,其中大部分集中在对dustbin的分析上 发展现状和产业规模。因此,本文采用哈佛分析框架,从英国央行的发展战略出发,通过会计核算来研究英国央行的盈亏状况。根据其财务报表进行财务分析,然后结合行业趋势和宏观分析,更好地预测公司的发展前景,从而提供有用的信息或参考资料.
2.哈佛分析框架概述
2000年哈佛大学K.G.Pallor、P.M.Haley和V.L.Bernard提出的《哈佛分析框架》是基于传统方法的财务分析新框架。研究人员认为,财务分析不仅应以传统的数据分析方法为基础,而且应与战略分析、会计分析、财务分析和财务分析相结合,作出更科学、更客观的分析和判断。从战略分析入手,首先把握公司的整体情况;考虑到分析和财务分析作为两大支撑,在三大基础上对公司的偿债能力、经营能力、盈利能力和发展能力进行会计分析财务报表;最后,以前景分析结束,对公司的发展方向和情况提出了预测和建议。跳出传统的单鳍金融分析方法,哈佛分析框架增加了对公司业务环境和战略目标的分析,并使用各种财务方法进行定性和定量分析。因此,哈佛分析框架采取了更多样化的观点,提供了更丰富的理论和数据证据以及更精确的内容,并且越来越适合于它。 现代企业的发展,从而证明是现代财务分析的理想工具。
3.策略分析
作为企业内部的顶层设计,运用战略分析准确确定未来方向,找到自己的落脚点同时,它也是哈佛分析框架。除了帮助用户更好地判断公司在自己行业的增长空间外,战略分析还可以评估公司的可持续性。本文将从以下两个方面对其优点进行分析。
3.1行业分析
近年来,全球液晶面板市场发生了巨大变化。2015年,韩国LG集团和三星电子成为市场领头羊,英国央行大幅收窄了与日本和韩国公司的技术差距,大量投资于技术研发。然而,在高端产品方面,还有一定的差距。因为这件事,由于液晶面板制造行业的巨大投资成本造成的进入障碍,BOE相对较少受到潜在进入者的威胁。尽管像BOE这样的供应商可以维持在谈判过程中,由于液晶面板领域的寡头垄断公司高度集中,客户的议价能力不断上升,这是由于提高液晶显示器采购的集中度,不断提高标准化,降低客户盈利能力。此外,由于技术的不断进步,英国央行必须维持在高度的技术敏感性和始终关注新兴的显示技术,以进一步刺激和促进技术改进。
3.2战略定位
英国央行已经从传统的制造企业转变为以硬件为支柱的互联网企业,将软件和硬件结合起来,整合应用程序,改进服务行政。英国央行转型的核心战略过程主要集中在以更高的效率经营其原有核心业务和设计新的跨行业业务的两个主轴上。一方面,它必须经历智能化、平台化和标记化的转变,在这种转变中,要推广的产品需要智能化,应注意平台和用户而不仅仅是追求销售,应该在新的部门和平台上推广市场导向的机制,以鼓励员工的创新。另一方面,我们需要推广一种以用户为中心、以企业家为导向、追求生态链的团队文化,以帮助公司提高效率.
4.财务分析
4.1偿债能力分析
一家公司的偿付能力可以反映其财务状况和经营能力,以及偿还到期的各种长期和短期债务的能力,这对企业来说是非常重要的.
4.1.1BOE溶解度的纵向分析
表1. 英国央行2013年至2017年偿债能力指数
财务指标 |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
资产负债率(%) |
59.28 |
55.14 |
48.65 |
43.51 |
58.77 |
多倍股权 |
2.46 |
2.23 |
1.95 |
1.77 |
2.43 |
流动比率 |
2.01 |
2.20 |
2.21 |
3.09 |
1.21 |
速动比率 |
1.81 |
1.99 |
1.97 |
2.87 |
1.09 |
从表1可以看出,资产负债率和权益乘数代表了英国央行的长期偿债能力。从2013年到2017年,英国央行的资产负债率总体保持不变。在这五年中,2014年下降,然后缓慢增长,2017年略高于原来的比率,这表明该公司的债务管理能力相对稳定。在2017年,资产负债率为59.28%,表明公司大部分运营资金来自负债。一方面,公司享有低成本的资金来源.另一方面,该公司不得不承担相应的财务风险。股本乘数与资产负债率保持相同的变化趋势,这两者都反映了公司负债的增加。
流动比率和速动比率反映了公司的短期偿债能力.从2013年到2017年,英国央行的流动比率和速动比率从较高的值逐渐恢复到正常水平。那生意就越来越好了。合理管理流动资产使英国央行能够应对其正常负债,同时充分利用手头的现金和其他资源。
4.1.2BOE公司偿债能力的横向分析
表2. 2013年至2017年主要竞争对手的偿债能力指标
年份 |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
BOE |
59.28 |
55.14 |
48.65 |
2.01 |
2.2 |
2.21 |
1.81 |
1.99 |
1.97 |
Graininess |
79.87 |
91.55 |
37.53 |
0.88 |
0.79 |
3.95 |
0.67 |
0.56 |
3.08 |
WUS |
41.79 |
36.79 |
40.62 |
1.58 |
1.65 |
1.39 |
1.18 |
1.14 |
1.01 |
Changeling Tech |
41.32 |
47.88 |
25.97 |
0.99 |
0.97 |
2.36 |
0.79 |
0.68 |
2.16 |
Songhua |
27.62 |
31.64 |
27.38 |
1.7 |
1.68 |
1.99 |
1.39 |
1.42 |
1.67 |
同上..
从表2可以看出,与同行业的几个竞争对手相比,BOE的资产负债率处于中间地位,并且在过去三年中稳步增长,考虑到公司的规模,这是合适的。比率过低意味着公司未能很好地利用其资产,这不利于其技术的可持续发展和公司的扩张和做生意。然而,过高的比率意味着公司承担过多的债务,这阻碍了公司的安全运营和稳定发展。
从流动比率和速动比率来看,与竞争对手相比,BOE的指标更高,相对稳定,表明其短期偿债能力较高。
4.2操作能力分析
公司的经营能力主要是指其利用资产的效率和有效性。而资产利用效率主要是指资产周转率和周转速度。指数值越大,公司资产运营越好。
4.2.1 OE操作能力的纵向分析
表3. 英国央行2013年至2017年业务能力指数
Indexes |
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
存货周转率 |
10.13 |
9.49 |
8.88 |
9.61 |
11.09 |
应收账款周转率. |
5.92 |
5.65 |
6.57 |
6.42 |
6.72 |
流动资产周转率. |
0.98 |
0.89 |
0.79 |
0.82 |
1.18 |
总资产周转率 |
0.41 |
0.39 |
0.34 |
0.32 |
0.42 |
从表3可以看出,5年来,BOE的库存周转率保持在较高的稳定水平,表明该公司的库存周转率很快,流动性很强,产品卖得很好。应收账款的周转率先涨后跌,表明英国央行的应收账款周转率一开始很快,然后放缓。这可能是b 因为公司减少了对供应商的信贷政策,采取了更宽松的信贷销售策略,以扩大营业收入。流动资产和总资产的效率首先是减少,然后是增加,这表明公司利用资产进行经营的效率首先恶化,但然后慢慢改善。这反映出英国央行的经营状况符合整个制造业的总体萧条。总资产的周转率在5年内平均为0.4,表明英国央行通常属于“耗资”行业,需要大量现金作为担保。lt;
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