电商垂直领域精准营销策略研究——以家电行业为例外文翻译资料

 2022-12-28 17:05:55

The Digital Sales Transformation Featured by Precise Retail Marketing Strategy

作者:Guoan ZHU1* and Xue GAO2

单位:1 Consumer Device Sales Group, Microsoft (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China 2 University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

摘要:在数字化营销模式的背景下,传统零售业受到前所未有的冲击,传统营销的竞争优势正在消失。本文对基于数字营销模式的零售业精准营销策略进行了全面的探讨和分析。首先,从商品与消费者、销售技术、销售思维等方面分析了传统零售业面临的困境。其次,提出了零售业实施精准营销的策略。最后,结合精准营销在现实中的应用案例,从营销市场的客户细分、购物篮的定位和目标客户营销三个方面分析了数字化营销模式。实践证明,利用大数据,改变传统的营销模式,实施精准的营销策略,将有限的营销资源准确地聚集到有价值的客户身上,建立新的营销模式,对于新零售时代的长期可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词:数字化营销模式,零售,精准营销,大数据,可持续发展

1. 介绍

近年来,随着科学技术的发展和数字化应用的增加,我国正式进入大数据时代。在此背景下,各行业的营销模式都发生了很大的变化。零售业是增长最快的工业部门之一。面对数字化营销模式,传统零售业受到了前所未有的冲击。传统营销理念的竞争优势逐渐消失。如果不改变营销观念,仍然采用传统的营销策略,那么本土零售业将无法在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟。因此,有必要对零售企业的精准营销进行研究,以建立零售企业的核心竞争力。

郑斌斌(2019)从个人、组织和顾客三个方面,围绕零售数字化时代管理的新特点,选取影响因素,构建了“影响因素-门店创意-门店绩效”的理论模型。耿峰等。(2019)认为大数据、人工智能等新技术对推动企业数字化创新具有重要意义。Zheng Zhao(2018)通过研究苏宁智能零售战略对其销售业绩的影响,得出零售要素数字化和零售业务经营智能化对企业绩效提升至关重要的结论。

张子健、薛传利(2016)认为,全渠道供应链是整个渠道与供应链的完美融合,能够从根本上提高零售企业的核心竞争力,在降低运营成本方面具有较强的适应性,加强服务水平,提高顾客满意度。赵法斌(2016)认为,随着宽带、无线和移动互联网的发展,通过移动智能终端购物的人数呈爆炸式增长。面对新的消费体验和需求,零售企业必须进行数字化转型,更好地为消费者服务,否则只能在竞争日益激烈的市场中被淘汰(赵,2016)。

1.1. 商品与顾客困境

随着居民生活水平的不断提高,在人们物质生活需求基本得到满足的情况下,人们对精神生活和理想生活的追求也有所提高(苏,2016)。在这种心理状态下,人们的购物和消费需求也在向多样化、个性化、多层次的需求转变。消费心理、消费方式、消费水平和消费结构也在消费需求的驱动下发生变化。最重要的是,消费者的需求也呈现出短暂的特征。这对零售业是不利的。

因此,零售企业必须与时俱进,不断满足消费者的需求,及时为顾客提供商品。除了消费需求的升级问题外,实体零售的同质化问题也对大多数实体零售企业产生了严重的影响,使零售企业失去了原有的竞争优势。

1.2. 销售技术与销售思维的困境

电子商务蓬勃发展,许多电子商务企业成立并迅速发展。这一趋势给传统的线下零售商带来了巨大的冲击,许多企业不得不为适应这种转变而努力。然而,新兴的电子商务企业实际上也存在着自身的问题。这意味着企业必须实现线上线下的全面深度融合,才能真正为客户提供更好的体验,满足客户在新时代的实际需求。例如,苏宁网在店内推出提货服务,引导顾客流动。

目前,这种整合还处于起步阶段,还需要更深入、更全面的整合。此外,零售业目前仍保持传统的营销模式,没有形成以顾客为导向的思维模式(董晓东,2018)。零售业作为终端市场,如果不能认识到消费者需求信息的重要性,就会陷入发展的恶性循环,难以实现可持续发展。

2. 零售业精准营销的方法论

根据以上分析和我国目前的发展状况,零售业已经进入微利时代。在这样的背景下,零售企业必须努力解决上述四个问题,正确认识营销的本质,发现并满足顾客的实际需求,才能评价出真正的精准营销。

2.1. 建立目标群体信息库

在新时期,信息资源是企业生存和发展的重要资本,是分析客户需求的重要参考,也是实现精准营销的基础内容(朱,2018)。商家可以通过大数据技术正确采集客户的消费记录、基本信息、浏览轨迹、购买商品等信息。

通过大数据技术,企业可以存储、挖掘、分析和利用客户的消费时间、消费频率、消费金额等内容,刻画客户的具体侧面,帮助零售企业准确挖掘出有价值的客户信息。在此基础上,企业可以通过数据驱动营销实现良好的营销效果。

2.2. 实现准确的市场定位

在建立了相应的目标群体数据库后,企业还需要实现准确的市场定位。零售企业必须认识到,在实际应用过程中,任何商品都不能完全满足顾客的喜好和需求。因此,企业必须明确商品的销售目标。首先,根据客户的不同情况对消费群体进行深入分析,选择特定的目标市场,实现详细的精准定位。它是精准营销的重要组成部分。在数字化营销模式下,零售企业可以借助大数据技术更好地划分目标客户群,根据客户需求进一步完善商品,最大限度地满足消费群体的需求,实现真正的市场定位(叶,2018)。

2.3. 提供个性化产品营销

从未来的发展趋势来看,未来的消费趋势将转向个性化和电子商务的方向。而且,随着互联网技术的全面普及,未来人们对个性化、专业化的需求将进一步加剧(胡Q,2017)。事实上,零售业是一个复杂的行业,既要保证低成本,又要实现高回报,还要充分考虑客户的个性化需求。因此,企业可以在满足客户个性化需求的同时,适当放弃部分权利,降低商品成本(Hu,L.,2017)。比如,宜家让客户和客户自由整理家具,最大限度地满足客户的需求,实现经济效益和客户价值的最大化,让客户选择自己需要的商品,最终实现个性化的产品服务。

2.4. 为客户精准推货

零售企业在运用大数据技术的过程中,可以利用大数据技术对数据进行深度挖掘,如推断未来的消费趋势和清晰的使用画像。然后,将相关商品的信息推送到近期可能需要的用户手中,以提高营销效果和客户满意度(Wang and Lu,2016)。例如,在淘宝网上,如果一个客户购买了与烘焙相关的书籍,那么在接下来的几天里,烘焙用具、烤箱等商品的信息就会被推送到他/她那里。这种促销方式既能满足顾客的需求,又能从根本上提高营销效果。此外,许多零售企业在顶层设计过程中很难与客户接触,一线员工无法做出营销决策。为此,可以利用大数据技术来收集和组织销售情况,包括可售和滞销商品、库存数据、销售数据等重要信息。它可以保证企业管理者及时了解商品销售情况,及时调整商品结构,真正实现以顾客需求为导向的营销目标(陈晓东,2014)。从图1可以看出,我国网络零售额占零售总额比重的增长率呈下降趋势,表明我国网络零售额的红利正在下降。

图1。2011-2018年中国网络销售额占零售总额的比例和增长率(单位%)。

3. 数字营销模式成功应用的结果

通过以上分析,明确了零售业的精准营销策略。在实际应用中,零售业精准营销的实现方式需要进一步分析,才能有效提高零售业的销售额。

3.1条。市场营销中的客户细分

精准营销最重要的是充分分析顾客的消费行为。数据挖掘技术需要对消费者的消费行为进行细分。根据帕累托80/20定律,能够为企业创造利润的重要客户占全部客户的20%,而企业利润的80%是由这些客户创造的。企业只要能抓住这些客户,就可以在有限的资源消耗中获得最优的收益。因此,在零售企业精准营销的实际应用过程中,企业必须进行客户细分,这是精准营销的第一步。例如,苏宁网在对顾客行为进行分析的过程中,建立分类回归树(CART),根据顾客的消费次数、消费类型、上次消费时间、消费金额,确定不同顾客的价值,消费频率和消费周期。只有这样才能保证顾客的重要程度。

根据80/20的帕累托定律,最重要的是零售业的价值顾客占重要顾客的20%。这些客户也是最理想的,零售企业在营销过程中需要重视对这些客户的维护。二是次价值客户。零售企业在营销过程中往往会失去这些客户。而在消费过程中,这些客户忠诚度较低,容易受到其他竞争对手的诱惑。因此,零售企业应该尽可能的照顾这些顾客,避免这些顾客被竞争对手所吸引。但是,上述两类价值客户所占比例较小,潜在价值客户占比很大(周、刘,2016)。如果零售企业能够通过有效的营销策略来激发这些顾客的购买力,那么这些潜在的价值顾客就有可能转向价值顾客。除上述三类客户外,企业在实际应用过程中还存在一些低价值客户。企业不需要过分关注这些客户,因为很难通过营销策略来打动这些客户。总之,零售业可以根据客户群制定有针对性的营销决策,为零售企业提供更可靠的支持。

3.2条。市场篮子定位

零售业在数据挖掘过程中,不仅仅是分析消费者的消费行为。实现与客户的良性互动是实现价值的根本。与注重供应商的品类管理不同,精准营销主要面向客户,第一时间关注客户需求。企业必须积极关注顾客购买频率较高的趋势,并在此基础上积极与供应商沟通,实现更高的顾客满意度,形成良性循环。在客户细分的基础上,进一步分析研究客户价值,进一步划分客户价值潜力。同时,对客户的市场篮子进行了定位分析。这种基础数据挖掘只需简单的统计分析,就可以在得到准确信息后,对商品定位和交叉销售模式形成具体的了解,从而有效地增加销售收入。例如,许多顾客在购买某些商品时会购买其他商品。那么,如果把这两种商品放在同一位置,这两种商品的销售量就会进一步提高。另一个例子是淘宝平台上有购买套餐。如果商家将两种或两种以上同类型或同一性质的商品放在一起形成一个特定的购买包装,这两种商品的销售量也会进一步提高。

3.3条。目标客户营销

零售企业在全面实施客户细分和购物篮分析两个应用的基础上,还需要实现针对性营销。企业应充分利用神经网络模型、差分回归分析技术(DRA)和决策树等方法,挖掘出客户的年龄、收入、生活习惯等信息,实现对某一客户的个性化产品推荐。此外,针对性营销和促销方式可以增加交叉销售机会,让零售企业做好针对性营销的准备。在此基础上产品的营销和推广应根据顾客的需要制定。企业利润最大化是零售业的根本核心目标

4. 讨论与结论

综上所述,随着大数据技术的融合发展和数字社会的逐步建立,零售业正在出现一种新的营销趋势。零售企业要想不被市场“抛弃”,就必须突破传统营销观念的桎梏,积极实施精准营销,切实提高自身的核心竞争力。利用数据技术,改变传统的营销模式,准确地向有价值的顾客集中精准的营销资源,建立新的营销模式,可以实现零售商、供应商和顾客之间的长期可持续发展。

外文文献出处:Expert journal of marketing

附外文文献原文:

1. Introduction

In recent years, China has officially entered the big data era with the development of science and technology and the increase of digital application. Under this background, the marketing mode in all industries has changed a lot. Retail industry is one of the fastest growing industrial sectors. Faced with the digital marketing model, traditional retail industry has encountered unprecedented impact. The competitive advantage of traditional marketing ideas has gradually disappeared. If we do not change the marketing ideas and still adopt traditional marketing strategies, then the local retail industry will not be able to stand firm in the fierce market competition. Therefore, it is necessary to study the precise marketing of retail business in order to build the core competitiveness.

Zhu, G. and Gao, X., 2019. The Digital Sales Transformation Featured by Precise Retail Marketing Strategy.

Expert Journal of Marketing, 7(1), pp.72-76.

From three aspects of individual, organization and customer, Binbin Zheng

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The Digital Sales Transformation Featured by Precise Retail Marketing Strategy

作者:Guoan ZHU1* and Xue GAO2

单位:1 Consumer Device Sales Group, Microsoft (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China 2 University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

1. Introduction

In recent years, China has officially entered the big data era with the development of science and technology and the increase of digital application. Under this background, the marketing mode in all industries has changed a lot. Retail industry is one of the fastest growing industrial sectors. Faced with the digital marketing model, traditional retail industry has encountered unprecedented impact. The competitive advantage of traditional marketing ideas has gradually disappeared. If we do not change the marketing ideas and still adopt traditional marketing strategies, then the local retail industry will not be able to stand firm in the fierce market competition. Therefore, it is necessary to study the precise marketing of retail business in order to build the core competitiveness.

Zhu, G. and Gao, X., 2019. The Digital Sales Transformation Featured by Precise Retail Marketing Strategy.

Expert Journal of Marketing, 7(1), pp.72-76.

From three aspects of individual, organization and customer, Binbin Zheng (2019) chooses the influential factors around the new characteristics of management in the era of retail digitalization, and constructs a theoretical model of 'influencing factors - store creativity - store performance'. Geng Feng et al. (2019) believe that new technologies such as big data and AI are of great significance in driving digital innovation in enterprises. Zheng Zhao (2018) concludes that the digitalization of retail elements and the intellectualization of retail business operation are crucial to the improvement of enterprise performance by studying the impact of Sunings smart retail strategy on its sales performance.

Zijian Zhang and Chuanli Xue (2016) believe that the whole channel supply chain is the perfect integration of the whole channel and the supply chain, which can fundamentally improve the core competitiveness of retail enterprises, and has strong adaptability in reducing operating costs, strengthening service level and improving customer satisfaction. Fabin Zhao (2016) believes that with the development of broadband, wireless and mobile Internet, the number of people shopping through mobile intelligent terminals is exploding. In view of the new consumer experience and demand, retail enterprises must make a digital transformation to better serve consumers, otherwise they can only be eliminated in the increasingly competitive market (Zhao, 2016).

1.1. Predicament in Goods and Customers

With the continuous improvement of living standard of residents and in the context that peoplersquo;s demands in material life have been basically met, peoplersquo;s pursuits for spiritual life and ideal life have been also improved (Su, 2016). In this psychological state, peoplersquo;s shopping and consumption demands also are changed to diversified, personalized and multi-layered ones. And the consumption psychology, consumption method, consumption level and consumption structure is also changed driven by consumer demands. And most importantly, consumer demands also present a feature of transience. It is unfavorable for the retail industry. Therefore, retail enterprises must keep up with the times, constantly meet consumer demands and provides customers with goods timely. In addition to the upgrading problem of consumer demands, the problem of homogenization of physical retail also has serious influence on most physical retail enterprises and caused that retail enterprises lose their existing competitive advantages.

1.2. Predicament in Sales Technology and Sales Thinking

The E-commerce is booming with many E-commerce enterprises founded and growing fast. This trend gives rise to a great impact on conventional offline retailers and many enterprises have to struggle to position themselves to this transformation. However, new E-commerce enterprises also have their own problems actually. It means that enterprises must realize the full and deep integration online and offline to really provide better experience for customers and meet their actual demands in the new era. For example, Suning.com launches the pick-up service in stores to lead customer flow.

At present, this integration still stays in the beginning stage; thus, the deeper and full integration is still needed. Besides, the retail industry still maintains the traditional marketing mode at present and does not form the customer-oriented thinking mode (Dong, 2018). As a terminal market, the retail industry will be caught in a vicious circle in development and have difficulty in realizing sustainable development if it cannot recognize the importance of consumer demand information.

2. Methodology for Precision Marketing in Retail Industry

According to the analysis above and the current development situation of China, the retail industry has entered the era of small profits. Under this background, retail enterprises must do their best to solve aforementioned four problems, correctly know the essence of marketing, find and meet customersrsquo; actual needs, so as to assess real precision marketing.

2.1. Establishing Information Base of Target Group

In the new era, the information resource is an important capital for the survival and development of an enterprise, an important reference for analyzing customersrsquo; demands, and also the basis content to realize precision marketing (Zhu, 2018). Merchant can correctly collect customersrsquo; consumption records, basic information, browsing tracks, goods purchased and other information through big data technology. Through the big data technology, enterprises can s

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