伊朗农村电子商务发展的一种新模式外文翻译资料

 2023-01-11 10:14:21

伊朗农村电子商务发展的一种新模式

  1. 在伊朗实施项目得到的经验

原文作者：Ali Akbar Jalalia,

Mohammad Reza Okhovvatbb,

Morteza Okhovvata

摘要：电子商务在类似伊朗这样的发展中国家关于生计或者农村人口的重大影响在过去10年里是研究人员感兴趣和欢迎的话题。在农村地区采用合适的模型适应电子商务是必不可少的，伊朗有望实现这一发展农村电子商务的目标。考虑到伊朗在农村电子商务基础设施的发展趋势和经验，本文证明了农村ICT经验分享的重要性。根据我们的研究表明，伊朗的农村ICT网络在北部叫做Shahkooh——伊朗的第一个多媒体中心。2004年，伊朗国家农村ICT的计划包括在Livan东以及Gharnabad中心附近建立两个装备精良的远程计算中心，本文将选择这两个中心持续时间的可用性数据进行分析。2005年，联合国科教文组织分享了德黑兰集群办公室授权进行的一项农村的经济和社会效应在地区和社会水平的信息通信技术研究。事实上，为了找到适用并且持久的方案来解决经济、社会和环境问题，这些项目在伊朗的农村地区进行了实施。本文提出一个针对伊朗农村地区实际的电子商务模式。我们的研究是基于定量和定性的方法上的。定性的方法主要是与地方官员以及远程计算中心运营商进行开放式访谈。该模型作为国家项目成立于2004年被称为“10000农村ICT中心”。该项目中，农村电子商务服务作为它的一部分，在农村ICT中心应用程序服务提供四个服务：邮政服务、通信服务、信息技术服务、电子银行服务。

关键词：远程计算中心； 农村信息通信技术； 电子商务； 电子商务服务； 通讯中心； 信息社会

  1. 在伊朗实施项目得到的经验

考虑到可以通过政府发展ICT技术和通信办公室等基础设施，主要存在以下三个主要挑战：人力资源、文化水平以及发展所必须的法律条款。人力资源在电子商务的发展中起到重要的作用，但由于农村教育水平仍然很低，ICT办公室缺乏专业人才的操作。这个话题被称为一个基本、有效的电子商务发展主题。根据伊朗全国农村ICT办事处办公室对全国农村情况的分析显示，电子商务和信息技术水品低下，通讯商没有所需的专业知识和技能是发展电子商务的主要挑战之一。

政府和私营部门都可以设计和实现相关课程培训来提高通讯商的知识水平，加快通讯商在信息技术和电子商务领域的发展。这些教育程序可以包括免费提供电子商务教育和讲习班，为农村ICT办公室的信息发布网站提供安全交易。最后，这方面的教育应该围绕电子商务经济发展战略展开，跟进并完成电子商务经济发展战略。目前可以由政府执行赞助服务，例如设计网站、电子商务教育。例如，在肯尼亚，贫穷的年轻人可以在教育网站上被找到。

增加电子商务的文化发展是另一个有效的主题和方式。导致信息技术和电子商务发展仍然疲弱的一个主要原因是缺乏对电子商务的重要性的理解。应该值得考虑的是，对大多数作为经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的成员国的实验表示，即便是最好的电子销售策略也不能扭转当前电子商务现状。然而在农村地区不可避免的是，通过ICT服务办公室向农村介绍项目和提供足够的电子商务教育。

农村发展ICT办公室的另一个挑战是电子商务相关法律法规的完善。根据有关经济专家的想法，信息传输的安全性、系统的可靠性和交换的完整性在电子商务过程中是三个主要挑战。作为伊朗电子商务结构的一部分，农村ICT办公室可以通过制定适当的法律来解决这些挑战。

  1. 结论和建议

国际政策总是呼吁发达国家在地方发展中创建简单的工具。在伊朗，信息技术服务中心和中心建立的农村通信在民众的支持和官方组织的支持下持续发展。目前有一万间多功能社区远程中心处于活跃状态。农村ICT办公室通过改善Gharnabad中心和Livan东部的知识水平以及促进当地经济发展充分证明了其作为一个好的媒体对业务发展和创业的促进作用。

伊朗政府装备10000个农村ICT中心的主要工作目的是开发电子商务，它可以平衡城市与乡村在文化、社会和经济发展中存在的差距。这项研究希望相关机构在其他村庄建立新的农村ICT中心。以下是本文的研究团队为类似伊朗这样的发展中国家提供的发展建议：

  1. 在建立农村ICT之前，初步的文化适应至关重要。
  2. 信心中心在偏远的乡村相比较于相邻城市的村庄更容易获得成功。
  3. 信息中心的建立过程中，当地人、私营机构和政府应该一起参与。
  4. 战略规划信息中心。
  5. 在村民们的能力范围内，应该被信息中心以任何方式邀请进行投资。信息中心必须自给自足。
  6. 应该鼓励年轻人加入到农村电子商务发展中来。
  7. 让每个人都懂远距离寻找工作，这样可以触发农村的经济激励机制。
  8. 村民们应该多了解信息技术，虽然会在精神上觉得煎熬但也要坚持。
  9. 应该对信息中心在农村社会和经济方面的影响进行年度研究。
  10. 在中心，不应该存在性别、部落和年龄的歧视。妇女和年轻人应该受到热烈欢迎。
  11. 国家机关应该重视农村ICT中心，积极鼓励村民进行电子商务活动。

外文文献出处：

Procedia Computer Science, 2011, Vol.3 , pp.1157-1163

附外文文献原文

A new applicable model of Iran rural e-commerce development

Ali Akbar Jalalia, Mohammad Reza Okhovvatbb, Morteza Okhovvata

Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Engineering, Distributed Systems Laboratory,Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

Telecommunication Company of Golestan State, Organization of Data Communications, Gorgan 49178-88663 Iran

Abstract

The significant impact of e-commerce (EC) on the livelihood or rural populations in developing countries like Iran has made this topic of popular interest to many researchers in the past decade.

To take advantage of e-commerce, employing suitable models which are adaptive to the circumstances of villages in rural areas is indispensable. Iran is on track for achieving this goal, development of EC in Rural areas.

Considering the importance of sharing rural ICT experiences, the trend and experiences of the Rural EC infrastructure in Iran are demonstrated in this paper. According to our research, Iranrsquo;s rural ICT network development started in 2000 with the far northern village of Shahkooh which is known as the first multi-media center of Iran. In 2004, Iran national strategic plan of Rural ICT

built two well-equipped telecentres near the villages of East Livan and Gharnabad. Taking availability of data and the duration of operational time to account, these two telecenters were selected for this paper. In 2005, UNESCO Tehran Cluster Office was empowered to carry out a study on the economic and social effect of rural ICTs to share with others, acting in this field at

regional and social levels. In fact, in order to find applicable and durable solutions for economic, social and environmental problems, these projects were carried out in the rural areas of Iran.

In this paper, a practical model of e-commerce for rural areas of Iran is proposed. Our research is based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The qualitative methods comprised of open-ended interviews with officials and telecentre operators. The proposed model is related to the national project known as “10000 Rural ICT Center” which was started in the year 2004. In

this project, Rural EC services are part of the IT application services at the Rural ICT Centers which supply four services; Communication Services, IT services, Postal Services and E-Banking services.

Keywords: Telecentre; Rural ICT; E-commerce; Electronic Services; ICT Center; Information society

6. Experience in project implementation in Iran

Considering the conditions in the development of ICT offices in which the technical and communicational infrastructure is made or can be made by government, three main challenges exist. These challenges are human resources, cultural conditions and required laws. Human resources play an important role in the development of e-commerce but as education is still low in the villages, ICT offices face a shortage of correspondents and expert operators. This topic is known as a fundamental and effective subject in the development of e-commerce. The situations of rural ICT offices in the whole country show that the knowledge of correspondent of offices in the field of e-commerce and information technology is low and they do not have the required knowledge and skills for the development of e-commerce which is one of the main challenges in e-commerce development [9].

Both the government and p

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A new applicable model of Iran rural e-commerce development

Ali Akbar Jalalia, Mohammad Reza Okhovvatbb, Morteza Okhovvata

Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Computer Engineering, Distributed Systems Laboratory,Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

Telecommunication Company of Golestan State, Organization of Data Communications, Gorgan 49178-88663 Iran

Abstract

The significant impact of e-commerce (EC) on the livelihood or rural populations in developing countries like Iran has made this topic of popular interest to many researchers in the past decade.

To take advantage of e-commerce, employing suitable models which are adaptive to the circumstances of villages in rural areas is indispensable. Iran is on track for achieving this goal, development of EC in Rural areas.

Considering the importance of sharing rural ICT experiences, the trend and experiences of the Rural EC infrastructure in Iran are demonstrated in this paper. According to our research, Iranrsquo;s rural ICT network development started in 2000 with the far northern village of Shahkooh which is known as the first multi-media center of Iran. In 2004, Iran national strategic plan of Rural ICT

built two well-equipped telecentres near the villages of East Livan and Gharnabad. Taking availability of data and the duration of operational time to account, these two telecenters were selected for this paper. In 2005, UNESCO Tehran Cluster Office was empowered to carry out a study on the economic and social effect of rural ICTs to share with others, acting in this field at

regional and social levels. In fact, in order to find applicable and durable solutions for economic, social and environmental problems, these projects were carried out in the rural areas of Iran.

In this paper, a practical model of e-commerce for rural areas of Iran is proposed. Our research is based on quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The qualitative methods comprised of open-ended interviews with officials and telecentre operators. The proposed model is related to the national project known as “10000 Rural ICT Center” which was started in the year 2004. In

this project, Rural EC services are part of the IT application services at the Rural ICT Centers which supply four services; Communication Services, IT services, Postal Services and E-Banking services.

Keywords: Telecentre; Rural ICT; E-commerce; Electronic Services; ICT Center; Information society

1. Introduction

Sharing rural ICT experiences is a very important issue. Limited access to Information and Communication Technology, ICT, means that rural communities lack basic information that could assist them in improving their livelihoods. ICT services can support development in rural areas [1].

In many countries various centers of information and communication services like Telecentres, IT Centers, Information Kiosks, Information Access points (IAP), Coffee-nets, and Telemedicine Centers have been created to provide communicative services to villagers. These centers are usually created by the private sector with some type of government support. In these centers, in addition to offering internet, e-mail, and phone services, computer training sessions are also held [2]. Establishment of rural ICT centers is a strategic key to reducing the digital gap of rural and deprived areas. These centers have the ability to support the government as a front desk for ecommerce services to villagers.

In Iran A third of all peoples (33.65 percent) live in 68,000 villages across the country. Most of these villages have yet to use ICTs as a development tool. With the cooperation of local communities and the government, two Iranian Rural Telecentres were built in June 2004 to provide communities with access to the internet and applications such as e-government, e-commerce, e-learning, e-banking and other types of electronic services. Another goal of establishing the telecentres was to create an enabling environment for research and tele-working to increase employment opportunities. So in Iran, a project was started by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology in 2004 with the aim of promoting the status of information and communication infrastructures and development of rural services in villages with more than 150 households. During the preparation of this report, more than 10,000 Rural ICT Centers in different parts of the country were inaugurated. These offices have suitable hardware equipment and will provide four services: Communication, IT, Postal and E-Banking services [1].

In this paper, required infrastructure to provide these centers as a rural development model in e-commerce is described.

2. Background

There does not appear to be a universally-accepted definition of a telecentre beyond the general concept of a physical place providing public access to communication and information services. This report is based on qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The qualitative methods consisted of open-ended interviews with officials and telecentre operators. The quantitative methods consisted of detailed interviews with telecentre users, a questionnaire, and data from other sources.

Iranrsquo;s rural ICT network began its development in 2000, when the remote northern village of Shahkooh opened the countryrsquo;s first multi-media center. In 2004 two well-equipped telecentres opened in the nearby villages of Gharnabad and East Livan and Iran developed its National Rural ICT Strategic Plan [3]. This plan is the main study of a national project known as “10000 Rural ICT Center”, which was started in 2004. Telecentres can be publicly or privately owned, be part of a public or private partnership, or be provided by international donors. They ran

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