Standardization on Smart Community Infrastructures
Introduction
Since February 2012, ISO TC 268/SC 1 has been working on the standardization of 'Smart Community Infrastructures'. The first deliverable was just published in February 2014, ISO TR 37150 ' Smart community infrastructures —Review of existing activities relevant to metrics' (Fig. 1). It is the authors pleasure to provide the readers with information of our work in ISO TC 268/SC 1. Please be noted that this article is based on the authors personal view as a chairman of the committee and not necessarily representing the overall consensus of TC 268/SC 1.
It is believed that more than 70% of the world population will live in cities. This future projection suggests that we will face huge social and environmental problems associated with so called 'urbanization'. On the other hand, in general, the cities possess good features such as a low GHG emission intensity (GHG per capita) compared to rural areas and convenient public services for residents and visitors.
The idea of 'Smart Cities' may have been created as a most promising solution against the urbanization issues while maximizing the good aspects of cities, i.e., solving the rapid population increase by utilizing the intrinsic high efficient nature of cities. The political, societal or financial approaches are of course crucial elements, but it is also widely suggested that city infrastructures (such as energy, water, transportation, waste, and ICT) are key enablers to overcome the urbanization issues.
The objective of our standardization work is to facilitate materialization and dissemination of such an idea by focusing on the 'smart community infrastructures'. In this context, the word 'community' and 'city' can be roughly recognized interchangeable.
Area of ISO TC 268/ SC 1 standardization
When discussing very complicated issues like 'smart cities', it is to be avoided to mix up multiple arguments on different dimensions such as economical, societal and technological issues. For this reason, SC 1 introduced a common model having hierarchical three layers as shown in Fig.1. The main issues to be solved are located on top (the service layer), and facilities such as buildings, schools, hospitals are placed in the middle layer while the infrastructure layer is placed at the bottom. The infrastructures are the most fundamental and common elements to support the other two layers.
Fig.1 Three layer model of a community
By focusing this bottom layer, SC 1 only addresses the technical aspects of smart community. In other words, the concept of smartness is addressed in terms of performance relevant to technologically implementable solutions. It is also to be noted that SC1 does not deal with standards that are specific to each infrastructure (energy, water, etc), but deals with a total complex system encompassing those ones (i.e. the system of systems).
How the standards can help smart city development?
Community infrastructures are more technology-oriented, more internationally -tradable than in the other layers. This means that the focus of SC 1 is well fitted to the subjects for international standardization. The standards can enhance communications and mutual understanding between various stakeholders in different regions worldwide by providing harmonized terms, concepts and definitions, or a common language. The standards can facilitate the realization of smart cities/communities by providing KPIs, performance specifications and a framework for the development and maintenance processes.
The main topic addressed by WG1 of SC1 'Smart community infrastructure metrics' is related to KPIs. The first deliverable TR 37150 reviews relevant metrics for smart community infrastructures and provides stakeholders with a better understanding of the smart community infrastructures available around the world TR 37150 is designed to help promote international trade of community infrastructure products and give information about leading-edge technologies to improve sustainability in communities. Awareness of existing projects will help communities (from small villages to large cities) avoid “reinventing the wheel” by providing potential solutions that they may not otherwise be made aware of.
The TR also suggests key concepts needed to be considered in discussing smart community infrastructures as well as provides direction for further standardization in this area.
SC 1/WG 1 is now working on the development of the second deliverable, ISO TS 37151, regarding general principles and requirements for performance metrics of smart community infrastructures. This deliverable will provide generic framework for KPIs of the infrastructures which can be utilized in decision making processes of investors, local governments, and technology providers.
While TS 37151 only deals with generic discussion applicable commonly to all types of infrastructures, it is also envisioned for future works that those KPIs can be more substantiated in two directions; infrastructure type specific and community type specific. For the first direction we may possibly discuss, for example, KPIs for railway transportation in smart communities. Such discussion will be made in a joint work with a relevant Technical Committee that is dedicated to each infrastructure. For the latter work we may discuss infrastructures for such as industry oriented smart communities, small island smart communities, and academic oriented smart communities, which provide more customized KPIs to each type of community.
SC 1 also starts an Ad-hoc group on 'a common framework for development and operation of smart community infrastructure'. This group is working on identifying the missing pieces in existing standards, which are needed for developing and operating a large scale syste
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