附录B 外文原文
J2EE
1 Introduction
This text analysis the mechanism of Hibernate and Struts, put forward 1 kind EE according to the J2 of the Hibernate and the Struts application development strategy.In this kind of strategy, the model layer use a Hibernate realization and see diagram and controller to then use a Struts frame a realization.So can consumedly lower the development efficiency that the Ou of code match sex and exaltation system. The key word Hibernate, Struts, the MVC, hold out for long time a layer one preface along with the Java technique of gradual mature and perfect, Be establishment business enterprise class application of standard terrace, the J2EE terrace got substantial of development.Several technique asked for help from to include in the J2 EE norm:Enterprise JavaBean(EJB), Java Servlets(Servlet), Java Server Pages(JSP), Java Message Service(JMS).etc., development many application system.But, also appeared some problem in the tradition J2 the EE the application of the development the process: the antinomy of of data model and logic model.Currently the database of usage basically and all is relation type database, but the Java be essentially a kind of the language which face to object, object at saving with read usage SQL and JDBC carry on a database operation and lowered plait distance of efficiency and system of can maintenance; tradition of J2 EE application much the adoption is according to the EJB heavy weight frame, this kind of frame suitable for develop a large business enterprise application, but usage the EJB container carry on development and adjust to try to need to be waste a great deal of time.For lowering the Out of code to match sex, exaltation system of development efficiency, this text put forward 1 kind EE according to the J2EE of the Struts frame and the Hibernate frame application development strategy.
2 Open Source Technology of J2EE
Datas holding out for long time layer and Hibernate is one piece according to hold out for long time layer frame, is a kind of realization object and relation of the tool which reflect to shoot(O/R Mapping), it carried on the object of the lightweight to pack to the JDBC and make procedure member can usage object plait distance thought to operation database.It not only provided to shoot from Java to reflect of data form, but also provided a data a search and instauration mechanism.Opposite in usage JDBC and SQL to operation database, use a Hibernate ability consumedly of exaltation realization of efficiency.The Hibernate frame use allocation document of the form come to the reflect of the definition Java object and data form to shoot relation, in the meantime at more deep of level of data form of relation explanation for the relations such as inherit of and containment etc. of Java object.Pass the usage HQL language sentence complications of relation the calculate way use the way of object description, to a large extent simplification logarithms according to of search, speed development of efficiency.Have in the Hibernate a simple but keep the API of view, used for to the database mean of object performance search.Want to establish or the modification be these objects, need in the procedure carry on with them to hand over with each other, then tell Hibernate to keep.So, a great deal of pack hold out for long time turn operation of business logic no longer demand write a trivial JDBC language sentence, make data last long thus the layer got biggest of simplification.
Use the Struts realization MVC structure MVC(Model-View-Controller) is put forward by the Trygve Reenskaug, first drive application in the environment SmallTalk-80, is many to hand over with each other with interface system of constitute foundation.According to the need of variable of the interface design, MVC hand over with each other constitute of system to resolve into model and see diagram, controller three part. Model(Model) is software processing problem logic at independence in outside manifestation under contents and form circumstance of inside abstract, packed the core data, logic of problem and function of calculation relation, independence in concrete of interface expression and I/O operation.See diagram(View) mean information and particular form demonstration of model data and logic relation and appearance to the customer.It acquire a manifestation information from the model, there can be many for homology of information dissimilarity of manifestation form or see diagram.The controller(Controller) is a processing the customer hand over with software with each other operation of, its job is control provide model in any variety of dissemination, insure a customer interface among the model of rightness should contact;It accept a customer ofimportation,givethe importation feedback model, then realization compute model control, is make model and see diagram to moderate work of parts.Usually 1 see a diagram rightness should a controller.Model, see separate of diagram and controller, make a model be able to have many manifestation to see diagram.If the customer pass a certain see the controller of diagram change the data of model, all other dependence in these see of data diagram all should reflection arrive these variety.When therefore and regardless occurrence what data variety, controller all would variety notice allly see diagram, cause manifestation of renewal.This is actually a kind of variety of model-dissemination mechanism.
The Struts frame is to be the item of Apache Jakarta to constitute part to publish luck to do at the earliest stage, it inheritted MVC of each item characteristic, and did according to the characteristics of J2 EE correspond of variety with expand.The Struts frame was good to combine Jsp, Java Servlet, Java Bean, Taglib etc. technique.In the Struts, what to undertake the controller role in the MVC be an ActionServlet.The ActionServlet is an in general
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外文原文：
1.
Regard along with the network technology daily popularization and the information construction, now the school generally all compounded the test safe monitoring equipment, and has built the management information system in this foundation, to information construction positive impetus function. But has the software construction in the practical work to fall behind the phenomenon which constructs to the hardware, for example, the education administration level also pauses to examinees inspection in the traditional test pattern, not only the efficiency is low, moreover also has many malpractices, creates the information resource the waste.
Test non-paper, network, not only can effectively reduce the correlation personnels work load, the better use computer and the network superiority, enhances the working efficiency, also can fairly cause the test, to be fair. Based on this kind of demand, we developed set of performance stably for the test design, safe have been reliable the network which, the ease of operation was allowed to satisfy massively simultaneously uses to take a test the system. Causes the test the security, fairness, fair greatly to enhance. After this system actual movement uses, effect good, not only greatly advanced the test information construction advancement, moreover causes the school to examinees inspection more scientific, air, fair, to be highly effective and the network.
The network test system should be able to satisfy the massive examinees in any place, any time all can participate in the test, and automatic judgment result. Through to the test service demand multianalysis, the main function which this system should provide as follows:
1) The examinee may on-line carry on the test, after the test had finished by computer automatic judgment score, and the recording result, the examinee also may examine the standard answer. If the test time, the system automatic prompt completes an assignment and stops doing answers.
2) The teacher may on-line establish the revision question bank, revises the examinee individual material, and monitors the examination place situation and so on.
3) The manager may on-line establish reference material and so on the examinee, teacher, the verification question bank, arranges the examinee to take a test, revises the examinee and the examination place condition, inquires the examinee to take a test the result, monitors the examination place situation as well as the establishment test project with tests the test question number and so on.
Moreover for the guarantee test fair, is fair, the examination paper test question stochastically extracts by the computer from the question bank. For strictly will cease the test to cheat the behavior, the system later is best also should provide the function which the fingerprint confirmation will register.
Its main flow is: After the user basis is authorized registers, the system basis user jurisdiction difference, establishes the corresponding operation. After the train attendant registers may carry on the test, operation and so on examination result and standard answer; After the teacher registers may carry on revises operation and so on examinees individual material, revision question bank, revision user password as well as monitoring test situation; After the manager registers besides has teachers all functions, but also may carry on the verification question bank (only has verified question bank only then to be allowed to carry on test),establishment operation and so on test time, inquiry, printing test result.
Also may establish following several items:
Test workstation: Carries on the test to the examinee the customer end procedure. Mainly provided has carried on according to the system disposition stochastically sets the topic of a composition, the confirmation registers, test function and so on time prompt, automatic judgment result, examination test result as well as standard answer. Test workstation divides into the customer end procedure and the Web way in the realization way, former allows the examinee (support touches screen test pattern) through the customer end procedure the way to carry on the test, latter allows the examinee to carry on the test through the test special-purpose network.
The test establishes the workstation: Carries on the establishment tote test service the customer end procedure. Mainly provided the revision question bank, the verification question bank, revised the examinee material, establishes the examinee/examination place condition, the inquiry/printing test result, the question bank inducts/derives function and so on function as well as monitoring test situation.
Test application server: Network on-line test system application server. Mainly has realized the data cushion and the test service logic seal and duplicate uses the function, is takes a test the workstation, the test establishes the workstation and the database server connection. Has provided the rich connection using the server, may increase or the reduced service rule through the module way, considered later will take a test the service promotion, also should reserve the new test type connection using the server level, will cause later the system to expand conveniently. Moreover, for guarantee test effectiveness, using server support hot backup database server pattern, namely if presently is using the database server breaks down, then in the system disposition reserve database server automatic cutover for the current database server, all these is does not know in the user with in the intervention situation carries on. Through application server level effectiveness, truly caused the test service to achieve the use easily, the function formidable, the performances table, the modular degree was strong, has satisfied the new time to an information co
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