原文
Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System
Satya Priya Biswas, Paromita Roy, Nivedita Patra,Amartya Mukherjee and Nilanjan Dey
S.P. Biswas P. Roy N. Patra N. Dey
Department of CSE, Bengal College of Engineering and Technology,
Durgapur, India
e-mail: thesatya01@gmail.com
P. Roy
e-mail: paromitaroy646@gmail.com
N. Patra
e-mail: niveditapatra111@gmail.com
N. Dey
e-mail: neelanjandey@gmail.com
A. Mukherjee
Department of CSE, Institute of Engineering and Management,
Salt Lake, Kolkata, India
e-mail: mamartyacse1@gmail.com
Abstract
Traffic congestion in cities is a major problem mainly in developing countries; to encounter this, many models of traffic system have been proposed by different scholars. Different ways have been proposed to make the traffic system smarter, reliable, and robust. This paper presents the various approaches made to enhance the traffic system across the globe. A comparative study has been made of different potential researches in which intelligent traffic system (ITS) emerges as an important application area. Important key points of each research are highlighted and judged on the basis of implementing them in developing countries like India. A model is also proposed which uses infrared proximity sensors and a centrally placed microcontroller and uses vehicular length along a length to implement intelligent traffic monitoring system.
Keywords：Infrared proximity sensors；RF module；Bluetooth module；ITS
- Introduction
The traffic jam is a daily-life problem in any metropolitan city. With the rise of standard of living, the number of vehicles is increasing at an exponential rate. In response to this, many researches are done in developing an intelligent traffic system (ITS), i.e., a traffic system which is involved in a much closer interaction with all the components of a traffic including vehicles, drivers, and even pedestrian. It not only provides safety at intersections and prevents traffic jam, but manages the traffic as a whole. Developed countries like America, Japan, and U.K. have already implemented ITS on their roads and still many researches are going on to make traffic systems more advanced and suitable for developing countries also. Apart from surveying various research works on ITS, this paper proposes a model which follows a simple algorithm based on the length of traffic on each lane. The length of traffic on the other lanes affects the time allotted to the current lane. Proximity sensors instead of WAN are to be used to determine the length of the traffic. The proposed idea can reduce the traffic in all lanes proportionately reducing the chances of congestion without the use of WANs. Besides, it also manages the occurrence of any emergency vehicles such as ambulance, fire brigade, etc. in any lane and also provides the mechanism to detect the route of a vehicle. Once implemented, it does not require any human assistance for its working.
2．Classification of ITS
ITS is being researched and implemented through various means such as the use of wireless sensor networks, RFID, applying various concepts of graph theory to find the minimized path and many other. Here, the concept of ITS has been classified into two broad domains, namely, (I) real-time system and (II) data analysis system.
Real-time systems have been further diversified into two fields:
- I. Path optimization and II. Traffic density. The data analysis systems are also divided into two parts:
- i. Green light optimization, ii. Information chaining systems.
2.1.Real-Time Systems
Real-time systems in case of traffic managing system take the input of the current situation through video surveillance or WSNs and deal with the situation. The traffic signals are controlled according to the presence of vehicles and are operated automatically in real time. A real-time optimization model was used by Dotolie et al. [1] that investigated the issue of traffic control in urban areas. The model took into considerations the traffic scenarios which also include pedestrians. This technique was applied for analyzing real case studies. Wenjie et al. [2] concentrate on calculating the time that a vehicle requires to reach the intersection from a particular point, dynamically, by the use of sensors. By this, data performs various calculations to find the green light length. Albers et al. [3] used real-time data to monitor current traffic flows in a junction so that the traffic could be controlled in a convenient way. Reliable short-term forecasting video captured in a recorder plays an important role in monitoring the traffic management system. The data required can be easily provided by the CCTV cameras that can be beside the roads as per requirement. Van Daniker [4] visualized the use of transportation incident management explorer (TIME) for calculating real-time data. Challal et al. [5] proposed a distributed wireless network of vehicular sensors to get a view of the actual scenario and used its various sectors to lower the congestion but not taking decisions in real time. The use of two types of sensor network was proposed, vehicular sensor network and wireless sensor network, and the combination of these two permits the monitoring as well as managing of the traffic. Chandak et al. [6] used video surveillance for realizing the real-time scenario. It deals with decreasing response time of the emergency cars by establishing communication between emergency cars and traffic lights. The data collected in real time can be used to determine the traffic density and also based on the traffic present. Several path optimization techniques can be used, which are discussed in the ne
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