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Cloud-based lighting control systems: Fatigue analysis and recommended luminous environments
Seri Choi, Anseop Choi, Minki Sung
PII: S0360-1323(22)00190-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108947 Reference: BAE 108947
To appear in: Building and Environment
Received Date: 1 December 2021
Revised Date: 22 February 2022
Accepted Date: 23 February 2022
Please cite this article as: Choi S, Choi A, Sung M, Cloud-based lighting control systems: Fatigue analysis and recommended luminous environments, Building and Environment (2022), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108947.
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Cloud-based lighting control systems: fatigue analysis and recommended luminous environments
Seri Choi, Anseop Choi*, Minki Sung
Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea ghkro3769@naver.com (S.Choi.), mksung@sejong.ac.kr (M.Sung)
* Corresponding author: aschoi@sejong.ac.kr; Tel: 82-02-3408-3761
Abstract
The development of Internet of Things (IoT) and the spread of various smart devices has made it easy to collect customized occupant information, and such smart devices and information have been applied to smart lighting control systems. Information on the personal characteristics of occupants can be utilized to create personalized luminous environment. This study focused on fatigue accompanying the activities of individuals and developed personalized smart lighting solutions to assist occupants in recovering their psycho-physiological state once they return home after performing daily activities. To this end, occupant activity information was analyzed in real time using an easily accessible mobile application and transmitted to a cloud-based platform, built using IBM Node-RED. Further, all daily activities and the number of steps taken from mobile application before returning home were used to quantify the fatigue level using the concept of Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs). Multiple regression analysis was employed to verify the accuracy between quantified fatigue level and subjective evaluation and to suggest resultant fatigue-level calculation formulas. From the calculated fatigue levels, the proposed luminous environment solution, such as appropriate illuminance and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) values, was developed based on the results of previous relevant studies. Different luminous environments were implemented in a mock-up space as three case studies of different activity and fatigue levels. The proposed solutions are relevant to future intelligent and personalized building technologies to adapt from building-centric to human-centric environments by providing customized and automated indoor luminous environments.
Keywords: Fatigue analysis, Personalized smart lighting solution, Lifelog data, Luminous environment
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Introduction
- Background and research purpose
A smart city provides benefits to its citizens using information and communications technologies (ICTs) to allow the citizens to lead pleasant lives by solving significant problems related to city life, such as transportation inefficiency, environment, housing, facilities, and urban congestion. The abovementioned issues reflect occupant convenience and can be viewed as being part of the “intelligent city, digital city, and technology city” [1]. The development of ICTs, such as network technology and Internet of Things (IoT), and the prevalence of various smart devices have made it easier to collect customized occupant information. Smart devices include wearable devices, such as artificial intelligence (AI) speakers, smart glasses, and smart watches. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize network technology, sensors, and the IoT to control these smart devices.
IoT is defined as a network for the spatial connection of things wherein three distributed environmental elements of humans, things, and services form intelligent relationships. The components of IoT are end devices in wired and wireless networks and physical things that constitute humans and natural environments [2]. The big data technology that stores, analyzes, and processes vast amounts of information obtained using various sensors belongs to the service interface technology of IoT. Further, it includes data mining technology that extracts useful information from data accumulated in the past. Grafting these various technologies to achieve smart lighting control will enable the provision of various services.
A smart lighting system provides the appropriate amount of light required for a specific place, activity, and time. The provision of customized luminous environments is possible because smart lighting systems—which reduce energy consumption, and improve productivity and comfort by combining light sources, motion sensors, and con
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