武汉市借鉴外地经验实施公交车“油改气”的可行性研究外文翻译资料

 2022-10-11 20:05:17

Chinarsquo; s Potential for LNG Vehicles

Recent global discoveries of massive shale gas reserves along with more innovative drilling techniques known as fracking has boosted liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies. However, more infrastructures are necessary to utilize the increased supply.

China has the potential to become the worldrsquo;s largest market for natural gas automobiles,with 1.5 million expected to be on the roads by 2015, according to experts. Brenda Smith, a council member of the Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association, who is attending a natural gas auto forum in Southwest Chinarsquo;s Chongqing Municipality, said the world was ready to embrace an era of natural gas automobiles, and China was leading the way. Experts at the forum predicted as many as 1.5 million vehicles could be seen on the roads by 2015.

Natural gas automobiles are developing fast due to easy access to natural gas, which is cheap, safe and easy to transport. The country has more than 1 million natural gas automobiles on the road, and about 100,000 new vehicles are put into use each year. “Chinarsquo;s natural gas automobiles will see robust growth in the next few years due to the economic and environmental advantages of natural gas,”said Long Zezhi, a senior engineer in the oil and natural gas field.

PetroChina to supply LNG to 200,000 cars by 2015

PetroChina estimates that it will supply liquefied natural gas to about 200,000 vehicles by 2015. At that time the companyrsquo;s LNG output will be at 11.5 billion cubic meters. China had over 1.48 million natural gas vehicles as of 2011, according to Lu Jianzhong, vice director of the CNPC Economics and Research Institute. Nearly 100 cities are now promoting LNG vehicles, with the highest percentage in Sichuan and Shandong provinces, as well as in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region

LNG, compressed natural gas and liquid propane gas are fossil fuel substitutes for gas oline and diesel that can be used to fuel cars, trucks and buses, substantially reducing carbon emissions. Chinarsquo;s current natural gas vehicle production capacity is at 80,000 units per year with over 60 manufacturers involved in the business. However, the share of natural gas vehicles in China is only 5 percent, according to experts. To promote the usage of LNG vehicles, CNPC - the countryrsquo;s largest oil and gas supplier - will donate 100 LNG buses to Beijing, the company said.

As early as December, 1999, Chinarsquo;s National Science and Technology Ministry and State Environmental Protection Administration set 10 percent as a target for clean vehicles as a portion of the overall vehicle population, and set a target of 40 to 50 percent for taxis and buses. Additionally, the policy called for the launch of clean vehicle model zones in 19 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.

As part of this program, city governments in China have implemented policies to encourage the industrialization of CNG passenger cars, LNG heavy-duty trucks and engines, LPG engines, and direct-injection LNG engines. Measures that have been used include offering preferential gas price policies and constructing refill stations. At the end of 2010, more than 80 cities across China had gas refilling facilities and the number of CNG/LNG refill stations totaled more than 1,000.

During the course of Chinarsquo;s 12th Five-Year Plan, it is projected that an additional 1,000 refill stations will be constructed. Finally, municipal governments have been working with automobile companies and industry research institutions to accelerate the development of new technologies. CNG/LNG vehicles have already been incorporated into bus and taxi fleets in 100 cities across the country. In Chongqing, 85 percent of taxis and 92 percent of buses are using an LNG engine. In Shanghai, Chengdu, Xirsquo;an, Xinjiang and Hebei, these percentages are above 90 percent. Despite a decline in the commercial truck market in 2011, trucks using natural gas fuel increased by 7.6 percent.

Since the central government began to implement natural gas policies in pilot cities across the country, China has developed a domestic industry for natural gas products. In 2010, more than 60 natural gas vehicle manufacturers produced over 150,000 natural gas vehicles, and approximately 20 engine manufacturers had capacity to produce 1.0 million natural gas engines annually. Within the passenger car market, taxis are the target segment for natural gas engines because of the potential for operational cost savings.

The total nationwide taxi volume in China is more than 1.1 million units, with an estimated 50 percent having adopted gas engines. China is already among the top seven gas vehicle markets in the world,and with stricter emission regulations providing an impetus for cleaner vehicles, natural gas vehicles will likely increase in demand. According to the countryrsquo;s national plan, Chinarsquo;s natural gas vehicle ownership will be 1.0 million in 2012, 1.5 million in 2015 and 3.0 million in 2020.

Thatrsquo;s a good start, but there is still a long way to go when taking into account that China produces over 18 million vehicles annually and has a vehicle population that already totals 112 million. As in the United States, high and rising gasoline prices may provide a strong stimulus for growth.

Chinarsquo;s oil companies build more LNG stations

Three Chinese big oil companies are accelerating the setting up of liquefied natural gas stations all over China, thanks to energy conservation and emission reduction policies and the rapid development of the natural gas industry. The new“liquefied natural gas utilization policy”will be implemented formally on December 1, 2012. Natural gas for cars is included in the first class of development. There were 385 LNG stations put into operation in China by the end of October 2012, double the number of the same period last year.

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

Chinarsquo; s Potential for LNG Vehicles

Recent global discoveries of massive shale gas reserves along with more innovative drilling techniques known as fracking has boosted liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies. However, more infrastructures are necessary to utilize the increased supply.

China has the potential to become the worldrsquo;s largest market for natural gas automobiles,with 1.5 million expected to be on the roads by 2015, according to experts. Brenda Smith, a council member of the Asia Pacific Natural Gas Vehicles Association, who is attending a natural gas auto forum in Southwest Chinarsquo;s Chongqing Municipality, said the world was ready to embrace an era of natural gas automobiles, and China was leading the way. Experts at the forum predicted as many as 1.5 million vehicles could be seen on the roads by 2015.

Natural gas automobiles are developing fast due to easy access to natural gas, which is cheap, safe and easy to transport. The country has more than 1 million natural gas automobiles on the road, and about 100,000 new vehicles are put into use each year. “Chinarsquo;s natural gas automobiles will see robust growth in the next few years due to the economic and environmental advantages of natural gas,”said Long Zezhi, a senior engineer in the oil and natural gas field.

PetroChina to supply LNG to 200,000 cars by 2015

PetroChina estimates that it will supply liquefied natural gas to about 200,000 vehicles by 2015. At that time the companyrsquo;s LNG output will be at 11.5 billion cubic meters. China had over 1.48 million natural gas vehicles as of 2011, according to Lu Jianzhong, vice director of the CNPC Economics and Research Institute. Nearly 100 cities are now promoting LNG vehicles, with the highest percentage in Sichuan and Shandong provinces, as well as in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region

LNG, compressed natural gas and liquid propane gas are fossil fuel substitutes for gas oline and diesel that can be used to fuel cars, trucks and buses, substantially reducing carbon emissions. Chinarsquo;s current natural gas vehicle production capacity is at 80,000 units per year with over 60 manufacturers involved in the business. However, the share of natural gas vehicles in China is only 5 percent, according to experts. To promote the usage of LNG vehicles, CNPC - the countryrsquo;s largest oil and gas supplier - will donate 100 LNG buses to Beijing, the company said.

As early as December, 1999, Chinarsquo;s National Science and Technology Ministry and State Environmental Protection Administration set 10 percent as a target for clean vehicles as a portion of the overall vehicle population, and set a target of 40 to 50 percent for taxis and buses. Additionally, the policy called for the launch of clean vehicle model zones in 19 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.

As part of this program, city governments in China have implemented policies to encourage the industrialization of CNG passenger cars, LNG heavy-duty trucks and engines, LPG engines, and direct-injection LNG engines. Measures that have been used include offering preferential gas price policies and constructing refill stations. At the end of 2010, more than 80 cities across China had gas refilling facilities and the number of CNG/LNG refill stations totaled more than 1,000.

During the course of Chinarsquo;s 12th Five-Year Plan, it is projected that an additional 1,000 refill stations will be constructed. Finally, municipal governments have been working with automobile companies and industry research institutions to accelerate the development of new technologies. CNG/LNG vehicles have already been incorporated into bus and taxi fleets in 100 cities across the country. In Chongqing, 85 percent of taxis and 92 percent of buses are using an LNG engine. In Shanghai, Chengdu, Xirsquo;an, Xinjiang and Hebei, these percentages are above 90 percent. Despite a decline in the commercial truck market in 2011, trucks using natural gas fuel increased by 7.6 percent.

Since the central government began to implement natural gas policies in pilot cities across the country, China has developed a domestic industry for natural gas products. In 2010, more than 60 natural gas vehicle manufacturers produced over 150,000 natural gas vehicles, and approximately 20 engine manufacturers had capacity to produce 1.0 million natural gas engines annually. Within the passenger car market, taxis are the target segment for natural gas engines because of the potential for operational cost savings.

The total nationwide taxi volume in China is more than 1.1 million units, with an estimated 50 percent having adopted gas engines. China is already among the top seven gas vehicle markets in the world,and with stricter emission regulations providing an impetus for cleaner vehicles, natural gas vehicles will likely increase in demand. According to the countryrsquo;s national plan, Chinarsquo;s natural gas vehicle ownership will be 1.0 million in 2012, 1.5 million in 2015 and 3.0 million in 2020.

Thatrsquo;s a good start, but there is still a long way to go when taking into account that China produces over 18 million vehicles annually and has a vehicle population that already totals 112 million. As in the United States, high and rising gasoline prices may provide a strong stimulus for growth.

Chinarsquo;s oil companies build more LNG stations

Three Chinese big oil companies are accelerating the setting up of liquefied natural gas stations all over China, thanks to energy conservation and emission reduction policies and the rapid development of the natural gas industry. The new“liquefied natural gas utilization policy”will be implemented formally on December 1, 2012. Natural gas for cars is included in the first class of development. There were 385 LNG stations put into operation in China by the end of October 2012, double the number of the same period last year.

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

资料编号：[151319]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word
原文和译文剩余内容已隐藏，您需要先支付 30元 才能查看原文和译文全部内容！立即支付

以上是毕业论文外文翻译，课题毕业论文、任务书、文献综述、开题报告、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。

您可能感兴趣的文章