引自：https://www.atlantis-press.com(I CEMET2016第二届经济、管理和教育技术国际会议)
Research on Urban Ecological Landscape Design
Wenrui Zhang
1 Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070
KEYWORDS: Urban; Ecological Landscape; Design
ABSTRACT: Urban ecosystems are human beings in the transformation and adaptation to the natural environment in the process of urban residents and the surrounding environment interaction set up artificial ecosystem is Nature - Economy – Society complex systems. Cities occupy a certain geographic space, it has a unique biotic and socio-economic factors. City view these elements through the material and energy metabolism, biogeochemical cycles, as well as material supply and waste disposal process, interrelated continuum has a certain composition, structure, spatial pattern and dynamics characteristics together to form.
Introduction
Cities with the development of human society gradually developed geospatial, is human transformation and adapt to the natural environment in the process, build up the natural, economic, social and complex ecosystem. Urban landscape through a variety of elements of material and energy metabolism, biogeochemical cycles, as well as material supply and waste disposal process, the mosaic together with a specific structure, the unity of functions and services, with the dominant human, ecological fragility, broken and other characteristics. In recent years, the rapid development of urbanization leading to the urban landscape has undergone tremendous changes, how to build the harmony between man and nature of urban ecological landscape have been scholars, designers, government and public attention. The existing landscape of urban ecology connotation and the lack of uniform quantitative criteria, resulting in the presence of input-output efficiency ecological landscape, market acceptance and other uncertainties become one of the main impacts of further promotion of ecological landscape.
The Basic Connotation of Urban Ecological Landscape
Ecological landscape understanding and standards in the field of forestry, landscape ecology, architecture, urban planning, etc. have different emphases. In the study of forest, often as the main vegetation landscape or vegetation green landscape in lieu of that; in landscape ecology research, it refers to the biological and cultural landscape that contains features, as distinguished from the general vision of the landscape, with specific ecological functions and services landscape; it is often associated with the architecture of traditional Chinese theory combined emphasis on 'Heaven' and environmental protection; in urban or regional planning and research resources and environment, ecological landscape refers to is the result of ecological planning or design sustainable, harmony between man and nature landscapes.
From the 19th century, foreign Howard garden city views, to the mid-20th century Mcharg design with nature, have emphasized the landscape design near natural or naturalized, its core is based on regional resources and environmental characteristics, combined with ecological suitability
analysis, human development activities corresponding. Foreman and other late 20th century (Forman) proposed landscape ecological planning and ecosystem management ideology, emphasizing the control and influence of landscape spatial patterns and processes in order to achieve the goal of sustainability planning. In China, Ma Shijun and other famous scholars have raised the ideological landscape ecological planning of natural and human harmony. And traditional ecological planning approach centered on different natural landscape ecological planning explicitly humans and their activities as an integral part of the landscape as a whole, rather than independent elements of a landscape. Referred to herein are based on urban ecological landscape ecology, the concept of landscape architecture and urban planning, landscape planning and design of landscape spatial units or a combination of space, is the product of landscape ecological planning, it refers to a human ecology participation under the influence healthy and sustainable standard artificial landscape management and landscape.
So far, the quantitative evaluation of urban ecological landscape of the lack of uniform principles and standards, but also limits its further promotion and practice. International Interior Design Association (International Interior Design Association, IIDA) survey of 100 interior designers also found that 83% of respondents believe that to provide customers with sustainable solutions is a fundamental obligation, but only 37% the project introduces a quantitative ecological landscape plan, the biggest problem is the lack of scientific respondents proposed guidelines, not enough time, and no studies have shown that ecological landscape can bring economic benefits. Cassidy [14] survey also found that the degree of market acceptance and cost is the biggest obstacle to the promotion of ecological landscape. US Green Building Council (The First Green-build conference, sponsored by the US Green Building Council) also summarized the challenges facing the ecological landscape practices, including high initial cost (78%), difficult to determine the cost of investment and long-term economic benefits (47%), new technologies are not suited (39%), the lack of market acceptance (24%) and the like. Smida for a material ecological landscape design conducted a survey and found that 68 percent of respondents use some green material, these respondents believe that the difficulties faced by the use of green materials include: customer demand is not high (37%), materials availability of low (21%) and high costs (14%), is not easy to determine whether the green material (23%)
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