Practitioner Report
Is Dysfunctional Use of the Mobile Phone a Behavioural Addiction? Confronting Symptom- Based Versus Process-Based Approaches
Joeuml;l Billieux,1* Pierre Philippot,1 Ceacute;cile Schmid,1 Pierre Maurage,1 Jan De Mol2 and Martial Van der Linden3,4
MOBILE PHONE ADDICTION: THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW DISORDER?
Mobile phone use has dramatically progressed in industri- alized countries during the last decade. For example, according to the Swiss Federal Statistics Office (2013), the majority of European countries have rates of more than one subscription per inhabitant (e.g., Finland: 1.66; Switzerland: 1.31; and Spain: 1.13). In Asian countries, the situation is even more extreme. For example, accord- ing to the Office of the Communication Authority of Hong Kong (2013), in June 2012, the penetration rate reached 221.3%, meaning that one person has more than two distinct mobile phone numbers on average.
Research on mobile phone has emphasized its positive out- comes. Early studies showed that mobile phone optimizes the communication between individuals and systems (Geser, 2004). Since then, a growing number of studies have also underlined the efficacy of mobile phone-based interventions using text messages to promote healthy behaviours, such as diabetes self-management, smoking cessation or weight loss maintenance (see Heather amp; Kershaw, 2010, for a review). Preliminary data have even suggested that some cognitive functions (perceptual, attentional and visuomotor skills) can be enhanced through the practice of specific video games (see Green amp; Bavelier, 2008, for a review), which opens new avenues for mobile phone-based interventions. However, in recent years, a growing number of studies have been conducted to identify, define and analyse dys- functional use of the mobile phone, that is, lsquo;uncontrolledrsquo; use that involves adverse consequences in daily life. One can cite, among the potential negative outcomes associated with overuse of the mobile phone, financial problems, sleep disturbances (due to calls and/or text message monitoring during the night), dangerous use (phoning while driving) and prohibited use (phoning in banned places such as at the library and when using public transit) (Billieux, Van der Linden, amp; Rochat, 2008; Thomeacute;e, Harenstam, amp; Hagberg, 2011; White, Eiser, amp; Harris, 2004).
Since its appearance in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature, problematic use of the mobile phone has been viewed as a disorder and conceptualized as an addictive behaviour (see Billieux, 2012, for a review). Mobile phone addiction is thus generally considered as a behavioural addiction that shares most features with drug addictions (e.g., tolerance, withdrawal, craving, loss of control and relapse). Accordingly, the various criteria proposed to define mobile phone addiction (and the related screening tools developed) were adapted from the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) substance abuse criteria, which is the classic approach to creating new diagnoses of behavioural addictions (e.g., pathological gambling, Internet-game and video- game addictions; see Mihordin, 2012; Reith, 2007). In fact, the construct of lsquo;mobile phone addictionrsquo; was born from an atheoretical perspective, in accordance with the logic depicted in Figure 1. First, dysfunctional mobile phone use was a priori considered as an addiction (e.g., Bianchi amp; Phillips, 2005; Toda, Monden, Kubo, amp; Morimoto, 2004). Investigators then developed tools to measure problematic use of the mobile phone on the basis of established substance abuse criteria(e.g., Rutland, Sheets, amp; Young, 2007; Yen et al., 2009). Eventually, stud- ies explored whether risk factors (biological, psychologi- cal and social) known to be involved in the aetiology of addiction are related to mobile phone addiction, which is—unsurprisingly—the case (e.g., Bianchi amp; Phillips, 2005; Billieux et al., 2007). In recent years, including cellular phone addiction as a new disorder in the forthcoming DSM-V has even been (unsuccessfully) proposed (Choacute;liz, 2010).
Besides the question of diagnosis, it is noteworthy that these earlier studies focused on the classic mobile phone use (i.e., written or oral communication between two indi- viduals). However, the latest generations of smartphones also allow individuals to engage in a wide range of online activities, such as Internet surfing, emails manag- ing, video games playing or social networks navigating (e.g., Facebook). The mobile phone can thus have different roles (or functions), which vary in terms of personal in- vestment (Billieux, 2012; Vincent, 2006). For some individuals, mobile phone use can thus reflect emotional attachment to social media (e.g., through the use of text messages or social networks), whereas for others, it is more used for instrumental (e.g., organizer) or leisure purposes (e.g., video games).
The lsquo;addiction modelrsquo; is nowadays more and more frequently applied to excessive behaviours (e.g., disor- dered gambling, uncontrolled Internet use, compulsive buying or unrestrained sex habits). This trend is due to the existence of data suggesting an overlap in some phenomenological and neurobiological factors involved in the aetiology of behavioural and substance addictions. For example, similar alterations in serotonin (e.g., de- creased level of platelet monoamine oxidase B activity) or dopamine systems (e.g., hypo-dopaminergic state) were found in pathological gambling and substance use disorders (see Grant, Brewer, amp; Potenza, 2006, for a review). In such a context, the purpose of the current paper is to test the relevance of the lsquo;addiction modelrsquo; of problematic mobile phone use. To this end, we consider, through the presentation of a case, the cli
剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料
英语译文共 7 页，剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料
资料编号：[410358]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word
以上是毕业论文外文翻译，课题毕业论文、任务书、文献综述、开题报告、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。
