英语原文共 14 页，剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料
英文文献翻译
Assessment of online public opinions on large infrastructure projects: A case study of the Three Gorges Project in China
对于大型基础设施建设工程的网络舆论评价：以中国三峡工程研究为例
Abstract
Public opinion becomes increasingly salient in the ex post evaluation stage of large infrastructure projects which have significant impacts to the environment and the society. However, traditional survey methods are inefficient in collection and assessment of the public opinion due to its large quantity and diversity. Recently, Social media platforms provide a rich data source for monitoring and assessing the public opinion on controversial infrastructure projects. This paper proposes an assessment framework to transform unstructured online public opinions on large infrastructure projects into sentimental and topical indicators for enhancing practices of ex post evaluation and public participation. The framework uses web crawlers to collect online comments related to a large infrastructure project and employs two natural language processing technologies, including sentiment analysis and topic modeling, with spatio-temporal analysis, to transform these comments into indicators for assessing online public opinion on the project. Based on the framework, we investigate the online public opinion of the Three Gorges Project on Chinas largest microblogging site, namely, Weibo. Assessment results present spatial-temporal distributions of post intensity and sentiment polarity, reveals major topics with different sentiments and summarizes managerial implications, for ex post evaluation of the worlds largest hydropower project. The proposed assessment framework is expected to be widely applied as a methodological strategy to assess public opinion in the ex post evaluation stage of large infrastructure projects.
摘要
对于那些将会对环境和社会产生重大影响的大型基础设施建设工程，尤其在事后评价阶段，公共舆论的重要性显得越来越突出。然而，由于公众意见的数量庞大而且种类多样，传统的调查方法在收集与评方面显得十分低效。最近，网络社交平台在监测和评估有争议性的基础设施工程的舆情状况提供了丰富的数据资源。文件中提出了一个改变大型基础设施工程网路舆论层面上失范的评定架构，在人们关注当下状况且易于情绪化的情况下给予引导，以提升工程的事后评价水平以及公众的参与度。这个框架运用了“网络爬虫”技术收集有关大型基础设施工程的评论的同时使用两种自然语言处理技术，包括情感分析和主题建模，通过时空分析，把这些言论转变成评价这个工程项目的网络舆论的指标。基于这种架构，我们我们通过中国最大的微型博客网站“微博”研究三峡水利工程的网络舆情。评估结果展示了时空分布的后发情感强度与情感极性，揭示概括了对于世界上最大的水利发电工程事后评价的主要议题具有不同的情绪以及对其管理的影响。本文提出的架构希望能够作为方法论策略，广泛作用于大型基础设施工程的事前或事后评定中的舆论评估。
- Introduction
- 介绍
The public opinion is crucial for decision making of large infrastructure projects and the public satisfaction is also a key indicator for ex post evaluation of large infrastructure projects (Chan and Chan, 2004; Ji and Hong, 2016; Stoutenborough and Vedlitz, 2014). Successful implementation of large infrastructure projects depends not only on the financial and environmental feasibility, but mainly on the support from the public, who ultimately pays for and will be influenced by these projects (Friedler et al., 2006). Thus, the assessment of public opinion should be included in the delivery framework of large infrastructure projects (Ng et al., 2013). However, the complexity of large infrastructure projects and diverse interests of the public stakeholders make the assessment of public opinion very difficult.
舆论对于大型基础设施工程的决策制定起着决定性的作用，而且公众满意度也是项目事前事后评价的一项关键指标。大型基础设施工程成功的建成启用不仅仅依赖于经济与环境的可行性，更主要依赖于公众的支持，他们才是最终付出以及受到这项工程的影响的人。因此，对于舆情的评估应该被包括在大型基础设施工程的交付框架中。然而，大型基础设施工程的复杂性以及公众利益相关者的利益多样性使得舆论测定与评估变得十分困难。
Large infrastructure projects require more investment, consume more public resources and have more profound impacts on local even national economy, society and environment than general projects (Zeng et al., 2015). Hence, they usually have a large number of public stakeholders with a wide range and complicated levels. According to the impacts from projects, public stakeholders can be divided into two categories, including local community and general public. Local communities are directly influenced by large infrastructure projects. On the one hand, local people can benefit from large infrastructure projects, as these projects provide many jobs and public services for them. But on the other hand, if any environmental pollution or safety accident occurs, local people would be the direct victims (Zeng et al., 2015). With these impacts, local people have the motivation to organize substantial opposition activities against the construction or operation of large infrastructure projects if their interests are harmed (Liu et al., 2016). As a result, the acceptance of local people is important to the success of a project. Interests and views of local people on large infrastructure projects are included in current project delivery framework and are fully discussed in the literature (Frynas, 2005; Jobert et al., 2007; Jones and Eiser, 2010; Musall and Kuik, 2011; Wuuml;stenhagen et al., 2007).
大型基础设施项目需要更多的投资，消耗更多的公共资源，并且对于当地甚至是国家经济、社会和环境产生更为深远的影响，而不仅仅是项目本身。因此，他们通常在一个很大的范围内以及复杂的层级上拥有大量的公共利益相关者。根据项目所产生的影响，公共利益相关者可以分成两个派别，包括当地社区和普通公众。当地社区受到大型基础设施项目的直接影响。一方面当地人民可以直接受益于这些项目工程，因为它们可以提供很多的就业机会以及公共服务。但是另一方面，如果环境污染出现或者安全事故发生，当地居民将会成为直接受害者。在这样的影响下，如果他们的利益受损，当地人民就有了组织大量的反对建设或运营大型基础设施活动的动机。因此，当地人民对于项目的接受程度关系到项目是否能够顺利展开。而对于大型基础设施项目，当地民众的利益与观点包括在当前项目的交付框架之中并且经过了充分地讨论。
The general public is not directly or just slightly influenced by large infrastructure projects, but they are also concerned with the economic and environmental performance of these projects. Comparing with local people, views and comments from the general public would be more objective and unbiased (Zeng et al., 2015). Hence, the public opinion on a large infrastructure project can reflect a more holistic evaluation on that project. In addition, discussion of large infrastructure projects is an important activity in the political life of the public (OFaircheallaigh, 2010). With the progress on democracy, understanding the public opinion will be more and more critical to policy making in relation to large infrastructure projects. However, in previous pr
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