Enterprisersquo;s brain drain question and counter measure
1 Brain drain present situation
The privately operated economy is most has the vigor the economical growth spot, is in the region economy development is most active, most has the superiority the economic sector. Unceasingly expands along with the privately operated enterprise scale with the market economy system unceasing consummation, the traditional privately operated business management system and the management way and the idea is restricting the privately operated enterprises development. Especially small and medium-sized private enterprises now key brain drain is very serious, According to the survey, private enterprises in recent yearrsquo;s wastage rate of 30% and above, a number of production enterprises wastage rates as high as 70%. Private enterprises of high-level personnel and personnel in the working age generally shorter, usually 2 -3 years, But also the longest five years. Many private enterprises shouted talent is hard to find, harder to retain talent. Private enterprises in the brain drain where the crux? The issue deserves our in-depth study。
2 Reasons of brain drain in private enterprise
Regarding the privately operated enterprise brain drain reason, I thought should from the privately operated enterprises internal management system, the private enter preneur own quality as well as the privately operated enterprises enterprise culture three aspects carries on the discussion.
2.1 The control system is unreasonable and the internal management is chaotic
The privately operated enterprise internal management system is imperfect, the internal management is chaotic, lacks the basic system, the organizational structure is unreasonable, thus causes the staff to be at a loss how to proceed, did not know how should do only then conforms to enterprises requirement. Because does not have the explicit working standard, the staff even if diligently works, also obtains the approval with difficulty. Some private enterprises as the cause of high-speed development, enterprise changing everyday, the objective is how to do business and expand, As for the internal management of enterprises, and can be used on a first used, it leads to many of the systems have no time to establish a sound, Many enterprise management is a main task of man, the lack of written rules and norms. Or even with some regulations, but in fact we do not attach importance to and do things blindly stress too simple, previous work or the small size of the old habits, from the modern enterprise management system from a bit far. In particular, enterprises pay the performance appraisal system is not complete, seriously affecting key personnel value in itself. A considerable part of the enterprises, the original family-run management, in terms of wages, benefits, treatment and other aspects, members of the family better than foreigners, despite the management, production and sales performance not as a series of outsiders. And the modern enterprise system is clearly marked improvement, but because the management of private enterprises exist above reasons, These not only seriously hampers the development of enterprises, but has also led to the enterprise key talent and the lack of recognition of switch thus displaying private enterprises serious brain drain.
2.2 Improves business owners quality to be low
Not with the entrepreneurial spirit for the development of enterprises and the establishment of private entrepreneurs can improve their own quality, Venture remained in the kind of work habits and style. The entrepreneurial spirit most important symbol has the innovation spirit, but completely gives credit to the oneself enterprises success oneself individual or familys contribution, thinks the enterprise therefore has today, completely is oneself spells, the staff which if starts an undertaking together disregards, this is modern entrepreneurial spirit manifesting in no way. That kind thought the other people only are work for me, as for the contribution repayment which develops regarding the enterprise, all exempt the privately operated enterprise which discussed sooner or later to be able to compete eliminates. Then, essential talented persons individual can totally negate with individual contribution that, the essential talented person is unable to find 'The self-realization achievement feels' And works under guardians-like leadership, talented persons skill cannot obtain the full display, cannot obtain studies the new skill and the new experience opportunity. Brain drain is imperative.
2.3 Exchanges the communication insufficiency with the staff
Not advanced enterprise culture, but more and more many people 'The enterprise culture regards as is a multiplexed system, it not only is one kind of new management theory, also is one kind of values and the faith, it is the enterprise philosophy, the enterprise spirit, the enterprise system and the behavior way dialectically unifies 'Ju wu Xiao, 1,996). Moreover the enterprise culture certainly is the human communication model, the values system which forms in the enterprise staffs long-term mutual contact process, moreover it certainly is manages the achievements suspension hook with the enterprise, is helpful is only then approved to enterprises growth. And certain corporate culture is a long-term enterprise staff interaction in the course of interpersonal communication paradigm, value systems, but it certainly is linked to business performance, contribute to the growth of enterprises was only recognized. However, in some individuals within private enterprises authoritarianism too heavy and will always is the boss alone. Key personnel often felt in private enterprises inside their own personality and professional advice is not respected, suppress
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企业的人才流失问题及对策
1 人才流失现状
民营经济是最具有活力的经济增长点,是该地区经济发展最活跃的,最具有优势的经济成分。伴随着民营企业规模的不断扩大以及市场经济体制的不断完善,传统的民营企业管理制度和管理方式和理念限制民营企业的发展。特别是中小民营企业关键人才流失非常严重,据调查,民营企业近年的人才流失率为30%以上,许多生产企业人才流失率甚至高达70%。民营企业的高层次人才和科技人员工作年龄一般较短,通常2-3年,最长也不过五年。许多民营企业叫喊着人才难求、人才难留。民营企业人才流失的关键在哪里?这个问题值得我们深入研究。
2民营企业人才流失的原因
关于民营企业人才流失的原因,我认为应该从民营企业的内部管理体系、民营企业家自身素质和民营企业的企业文化三个方面进行讨论。
2.1管理制度不合理,内部管理混乱
民营企业内部管理体系不完善,内部管理混乱,缺乏基本的制度体系,组织结构不合理,从而导致员工不知如何处理,不知道应该怎么做才能符合企业的要求。因为缺乏明确的工作标准,所以员工即使努力工作,也难以获得认可。一些民营企业由于高速发展,企业日新月异,其目的是如何做好做大生意,对于企业内部的管理,第一次使用时,它会导致很多系统没有时间建立健全,许多企业的管理主要是人治,缺少成文的制度规范。甚至即使有了一些规定,我们却并不重视,做事盲目过于讲求简单直接,工作还是维持以前小规模时的老习惯,离现代企业管理制度有点远。尤其是,企业薪酬绩效考核体系并不完整,严重影响关键人才价值的体现。有相当一部分企业,实行原始的家族式管理,工资,福利,待遇和其他方面,家族成员比外人高,尽管这些人管理、生产和销售等一系列业绩都不如外人。现代企业的明显标志是制度的改善,但由于民营企业的管理上面存在上述原因,这不仅严重阻碍了企业的发展,也导致了企业关键人才由于得不到承认而跳槽,从而表现出民营企业人才流失严重的现象。
2.2提高企业主的低素质
企业家精神不能随着企业的发展而创立,民营企业家不能提高自身素质,依旧保持着在创业时的那种工作作风和习惯。创业精神最重要的有创新精神的象征,但把自己企业的成功全都归功于自己个人或者是家族的贡献,认为企业之所以能有今天,完全是自己的拼搏,无视一起创业的员工,这决不是现代企业家精神的体现。那种认为别人为我工作,至于说对于企业发展的贡献、回报一切免谈的民营企业迟早会被竞争所淘汰。然后,关键人才的个人才能以及个人贡献被完全否定,关键人才没法找到自我实现的成就感,并且在家长式的领导下工作,人才的技能无法得到充分展示,缺少获得研究新技术和新经验的机会。人才流失是必然的。
2.3与员工的交流沟通不足
虽然缺乏先进的企业文化,但越来越多的人把“企业文化看作是一个复合系统,它不但是一种新型的管理理论,也是一种价值观和信念,它是企业哲学、企业精神、企业制度和行为方式的辩证统一”(萧聚武,1996)。而且企业文化必然是在企业员工在长期的相互交往的过程中形成的人际交往模式、价值观体系,而且它一定与企业经营绩效挂钩,有利于企业的成长才被认可的。但是在一些民营企业内部,个人权力太重,永远是老板说了算,关键人才往往会感觉到在民营企业里自己的人格以及专业意见得不到尊重,心情抑郁;然后是管理方式上有问题,经常对下属能力感到不信任,不授权或授权不足,关键人才像被捆绑了一样,只能做执行者,其感受可想而知。再次,员工的上下沟通因为有企业文化的限制,导致员工之间的沟通出现缺口,不能形成统一的模型或者价值观,永远不要说形成具有企业特色的企业文化。
3民营企业人才流失问题的对策
民营企业想生存和发展,必须采取积极的策略,克服自己的不利因素,同时需要外部力量的支持,强化制度建设,改革治理结构,培养先进的企业文化,只有这样才能达到“栽了梧桐树,引来金凤凰”。
3.1建立现代企业制度和完善公司治理结构
现代企业制度典型特征是:产权明晰,权责明确。但是一直以来,每个人都相信民营企业产权是明晰的,由此导致许多人也没有意识到民营企业存在的产权问题,产权明晰概念不仅意味着企业产权所有权,同时,产权也意味着公司结构和层级。然而,中国民营企业在产权上具有强烈的“三缘”性,包括血缘、亲缘和地缘性,这使得中国民营企业产权在主体上具有强烈的宗族法,这也是阻碍中国民营企业建立现代企业制度、建立科学有效的决策以及管理机制的重要原因。我们国家有很多民营企业表面是有限责任公司,但实际上是独治企业,事实上是老板一个人说了算,所有其他的都是形式上的虚设。但是我国民营企业广泛地实施委托代理制度,这引起了企业治理结构问题的出现,因为这些企业老板们也在企业经营者的企业,企业所有权和控制权是一体的,简单的说没有所谓的公司治理结构。因此必须从重构以及完善民营企业的公司的治理结构出发,即在坚持现代企业公司法人治结构的前提下,结合民营企业的特点进行必要的调整。科学地划分“三会”和总经理等各利益主体的权利以及责任,完善利益主体之间的限制机制。这避免了权利的行使不受约束而导致最坏结果的出现,避免出现更大的效率损失;引进外部独立董事,充分发挥独立董事的专家咨询作用。
因此,我们国家的民营企业一方面要求产权和经营权相分离,另一方面,由于我国缺乏竞争激烈的外部市场,以及积极监督经理人的制约机制,不敢向“外部”委托重任。因此我们国家民营企业的管理制度的构建和完善才是避免人才流失最重要的举措。
3.2实现人本管理
人本管理的基本含义是对人性特质的再培育、激发和利用,充分的发挥人性的积极方面。消除人性的负面影响;人性应用哲学教育员工学会一个人要做一个积极的人。因为管理是主体是人,虽然管理客体人和物都有,但对物的管理取决于对人的管理,归根究底还是对人的管理,因此管理客体主要也是人的问题。从“经济人”假设的科学管理,到基于“社会人”假设的行为管理,再到基于“自我实现的人”假设的人本管理,以及这些年出现的文化管理,都表明了人本管理越来越受到管理学界的关注。因此,民营企业必须要坚持“以人为本”的管理哲学,摆正自我和人才之间的关系位置,将平等合作关系反映在企业的经营过程中,根据不同的利益需求和特点采取不同的措施来鼓励他们,帮助他们成长,给他们足够的空间领域,让他们真正能有“当家作主”的责任感,使之产生与企业同命运、共呼吸的使命感,塑造出真正忠诚于企业的人才。也可以建立一个共同的愿景,这源于一个共同的愿景,并且有意识地融入到企业文化中,企业才能与人才有相协调一致的价值观。“管理”也体现在具有经营权主导地位的实施者身上,所以民营企业家应该要重点发展战略规划和人员培训问题,把经营权下放,给他们足够的空间来展示个人才华和权力,使企业成为能让人才发挥作用的竞技场。实践证明,授权是企业家重视、信任人才的最好体现,民营企业家要善于通过授权留住精英人才。聪明的管理者通过给予一定的权力和地位,使员工可以实现他们的人生价值,从而使企业发展、成功,达到两全其美。为了刺激私营企业利用人才,要用马斯洛的“需求层次理论”看待“管理”,因为人们参加工作,不仅仅是为了物质待遇,更多的则为了尊严和自我价值的实现。因此,我国的民营企业在实施“管理”的过程中可以采用将精神激励和物质激励相结合的方式。
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